Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
The Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway.
Br J Sports Med. 2022 Jan;56(1):35-40. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104198. Epub 2021 Dec 10.
To define incidence and injury patterns of International Ski Federation (FIS) World Cup (WC) women ski jumpers over three seasons.
Ski jump athletes competing in the Women's FIS WC were recruited for prospective injury surveillance from 2017-2018 to 2019-2020. Team representatives recruited the athletes annually and prospectively recorded all injuries requiring medical attention. Retrospective end-of-season interviews corroborated injury surveillance. Medical doctors collected and processed the data. The 4-month competitive season was used to calculate the annual incidence of injuries per 100 athletes per season. Injury type, location, severity and aetiology were reported.
Athletes from 19 nations were enrolled equalling 205 athlete-seasons. Mean age was 21.2 years (SD=3.8). Thirty-nine injury events resulted in 54 total injuries (26.3 injuries/100 athletes/season). Injuries were mostly acute (83%) and occurred on the ski jump hill (78%). The most common injury location was the knee (n=18, 33%). Crash landings were the most common cause of injury events (70%). Nearly half of the acute ski jump injury events occurred in snowy, windy or cloudy conditions (44%) and/or during telemark landings (46%), and most jumps (96%) were shorter than hill size. One third of the injuries were severe, and 78% of severe injuries involved the knee.
Acute injury events occur relatively frequently in elite women ski jumpers, most resulting in time-loss from sport and a significant proportion involving serious knee injuries. Crash landing was the leading cause of injury. This baseline information can be used to guide and evaluate future efforts at injury prevention.
定义三个赛季中国际滑雪联合会（FIS）世界杯（WC）女子跳台滑雪运动员的发病率和损伤模式。
从 2017-2018 年到 2019-2020 年，招募参加女子 FIS WC 的跳台滑雪运动员进行前瞻性损伤监测。团队代表每年招募运动员，并前瞻性地记录所有需要医疗关注的受伤情况。赛季末的回顾性访谈证实了损伤监测。医生收集和处理数据。将 4 个月的竞技赛季用于计算每个赛季每 100 名运动员的受伤发生率。报告了损伤类型、部位、严重程度和病因。
来自 19 个国家的运动员参加了这项研究，共有 205 名运动员参加了 205 个赛季。平均年龄为 21.2 岁（SD=3.8）。39 次损伤事件导致 54 次总损伤（26.3 次/100 名运动员/赛季）。损伤主要为急性（83%），发生在跳台滑雪场上（78%）。最常见的损伤部位是膝盖（n=18，33%）。碰撞着陆是损伤事件的最常见原因（70%）。近一半的急性跳台滑雪损伤事件发生在多雪、大风或多云的条件下（44%）和/或在背越式着陆时（46%），大多数跳跃（96%）的高度都小于跳台大小。三分之一的损伤较为严重，78%的严重损伤涉及膝盖。
在精英女子跳台滑雪运动员中，急性损伤事件相对频繁发生，大多数导致运动时间损失，相当大比例涉及严重的膝盖损伤。碰撞着陆是受伤的主要原因。这些基线信息可用于指导和评估未来的损伤预防工作。
