碳纳米管负载量和压力对聚醚砜（PES）/碳纳米管（CNT）膜性能的影响

Effect of carbon nanotubes loading and pressure on the performance of a polyethersulfone (PES)/carbon nanotubes (CNT) membrane.

作者信息

Ngoma Mlungisi Martin, Mathaba Machodi, Moothi Kapil

机构信息

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, 37 Nind Street, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 10;11(1):23805. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03042-z.

This paper focuses on modifying a PES membrane with acid-functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNT) for industrial wastewater treatment. Embedding acid functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within the membrane matrix would increase the membrane flux by increasing the membrane pore size and surface area, rejection and thermal stability. Pure PES membranes were prepared by phase inversion method and infused with CNTs at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% loading to fabricate PES/2.5 wt% CNT, PES/5 wt% CNT, PES/7.5 wt% CNT and PES/10 wt% CNT membranes respectively. Characterisation was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to determine CNT morphology, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the functional groups attached to CNTs, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to determine the thermal stability of the membranes, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine membrane morphology, Bunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method to obtain pore size information and Contact Angle (CA) to determine the membrane hydrophilicity. Membrane performance was then evaluated with a dead-end stirred cell using industrial wastewater containing traces of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Cl. Permeate flux results showed a direct proportion relationship with increasing CNT loading and increasing pressure (100 kPa, 300 kPa, 500 kPa, 700 kPa, 900 kPa and 1100 kPa). PES/5 wt% CNT membrane showed the most enhanced performance compared to the other membranes, achieving reasonably high flux of 43.7 L/mh and rejection of 89.6% Cu, 100% Fe, 90.5% Ni, 68.8% Zn and 99.99% Cl at 300 kPa. The results obtained showed that the PES membrane embedded with functionalised CNTs could be used for the treatment of industrial wastewater.

本文聚焦于用酸功能化碳纳米管（CNT）对聚醚砜（PES）膜进行改性，用于工业废水处理。将酸功能化碳纳米管（CNT）嵌入膜基质中，可通过增大膜孔径、表面积、截留率和热稳定性来提高膜通量。通过相转化法制备纯PES膜，并分别以2.5%、5%、7.5%和10%的重量比注入CNT，以制备PES/2.5 wt% CNT、PES/5 wt% CNT、PES/7.5 wt% CNT和PES/10 wt% CNT膜。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行表征以确定CNT形态，使用X射线衍射（XRD）确定附着在CNT上的官能团，使用热重分析（TGA）确定膜的热稳定性，使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）确定膜形态，使用Bunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）方法获取孔径信息，并使用接触角（CA）确定膜的亲水性。然后使用死端搅拌池，以含有痕量铜、铁、镍、锌和氯的工业废水评估膜性能。渗透通量结果显示与CNT负载量增加和压力增加（100 kPa、300 kPa、500 kPa、700 kPa、900 kPa和1100 kPa）呈正比关系。与其他膜相比，PES/5 wt% CNT膜表现出最强的性能，在300 kPa下实现了43.7 L/mh的合理高通量以及89.6%的铜截留率、100%的铁截留率、90.5%的镍截留率、68.8%的锌截留率和99.99%的氯截留率。所得结果表明，嵌入功能化CNT的PES膜可用于处理工业废水。