Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2022 Sep;57(9):1982-1989. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25787. Epub 2021 Dec 20.
In the era of data-driven decision-making, unacceptable haziness, and inconsistency surrounds the yearlong scientific and public debate on the school closure policy in the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic mitigation efforts.
The present literature review stems out of the need for a clear scaffold collecting in one place all current evidence, as well as helping to organize incoming future evidence, concerning both the role of schools in driving the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) community spread and the cost-effectiveness of school closure in containing such spread.
References for this review were initially identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for articles published from March 2020 to March 2021 by the use of key terms "Schools," "COVID-19," "pandemic," "clusters," "outbreak," and "seroprevalence," selecting all articles from 2020 to 2021 with full-text availability. A further search was undertaken by screening citations of articles found in the original search and through Google Scholar and ResearchGate.
Overall, evidence shows that opening schools and keeping them open in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is possible, although behaviorally challenging and unfeasible if educational facilities or testing services are inadequate. Contrary to other respiratory viruses, children are not chief targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection, transmission, and disease. It also appears that the second wave of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread in the WHO European region has been unrelated to school re-opening.
A fact-based understanding of what is currently known on such a consequential policy is required to provide a basis of evidence for advocacy of either school closure or school opening at times of high-intensity community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
在数据驱动决策的时代，围绕着新冠病毒疾病 2019（COVID-19）大流行缓解措施中长达一年的学校关闭政策的科学和公众辩论，存在着令人无法接受的模糊性和不一致性。
本文献综述源于对一个清晰框架的需求，该框架将所有当前证据集中在一处，同时帮助组织即将到来的未来证据，涉及学校在推动严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）社区传播中的作用以及关闭学校在遏制这种传播中的成本效益。
本综述的参考文献最初通过在 PubMed、Scopus 和 Cochrane Library 中使用“学校”、“COVID-19”、“大流行”、“集群”、“暴发”和“血清流行率”等关键词搜索 2020 年 3 月至 2021 年 3 月发表的文章来确定，选择所有可获得全文的 2020 年至 2021 年的文章。通过筛选原始搜索中找到的文章的引文以及通过 Google Scholar 和 ResearchGate 进行了进一步搜索。
总体而言，证据表明，在 SARS-CoV-2 大流行背景下开放学校并保持开放是可能的，尽管在教育设施或检测服务不足的情况下具有挑战性且不可行。与其他呼吸道病毒不同，儿童不是 SARS-CoV-2 感染、传播和疾病的主要目标。似乎世界卫生组织欧洲区域 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的第二波传播与学校重新开放无关。
需要对如此重要政策的当前已知情况进行基于事实的理解，以便为在 SARS-CoV-2 高强度社区传播时关闭或开放学校提供证据基础。
