Epidemiology Unit, Department of Prevention, Central Tuscany Health Authority, 50135 Florence, Italy.
Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications (DISIA), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 20;20(3):1912. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031912.
The emergence of hyper-transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants that rapidly became prevalent throughout the world in 2022 made it clear that extensive vaccination campaigns cannot represent the sole measure to stop COVID-19. However, the effectiveness of control and mitigation strategies, such as the closure of non-essential businesses and services, is debated. To assess the individual behaviours mostly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, a questionnaire-based case-control study was carried out in Tuscany, Central Italy, from May to October 2021. At the testing sites, individuals were invited to answer an online questionnaire after being notified regarding the test result. The questionnaire collected information about test result, general characteristics of the respondents, and behaviours and places attended in the week prior to the test/symptoms onset. We analysed 440 questionnaires. Behavioural differences between positive and negative subjects were assessed through logistic regression models, adjusting for a fixed set of confounders. A ridge regression model was also specified. Attending nightclubs, open-air bars or restaurants and crowded clubs, outdoor sporting events, crowded public transportation, and working in healthcare were associated with an increased infection risk. A negative association with infection, besides face mask use, was observed for attending open-air shows and sporting events in indoor spaces, visiting and hosting friends, attending courses in indoor spaces, performing sport activities (both indoor and outdoor), attending private parties, religious ceremonies, libraries, and indoor restaurants. These results might suggest that during the study period people maintained a particularly responsible and prudent approach when engaging in everyday activities to avoid spreading the virus.
2022 年，高传染性的 SARS-CoV-2 变异株迅速在全球流行，这清楚地表明，广泛的疫苗接种活动不能作为阻止 COVID-19 的唯一措施。然而，诸如关闭非必要的商业和服务等控制和缓解策略的有效性仍存在争议。为了评估与 SARS-CoV-2 感染最相关的个体行为，2021 年 5 月至 10 月，在意大利中部的托斯卡纳进行了一项基于问卷调查的病例对照研究。在检测点，在通知检测结果后，邀请个人回答在线问卷。该问卷收集了有关检测结果、受访者一般特征以及在检测/症状出现前一周内的行为和去过的地方的信息。我们分析了 440 份问卷。通过逻辑回归模型，在调整了一组固定混杂因素后，评估了阳性和阴性受试者之间的行为差异。还指定了岭回归模型。与感染风险增加相关的行为包括：参加夜总会、露天酒吧或餐馆和拥挤的俱乐部、户外体育赛事、拥挤的公共交通工具以及在医疗保健行业工作。除了戴口罩外，与感染呈负相关的行为还包括：参加室内露天表演和体育赛事、拜访和接待朋友、参加室内课程、进行室内和室外运动、参加私人派对、宗教仪式、图书馆和室内餐厅。这些结果可能表明，在研究期间，人们在从事日常活动时保持了特别负责任和谨慎的态度，以避免传播病毒。
