探讨 COVID-19 患者在疾病过程中心理困扰的体验：一项定性研究。
Exploring COVID-19 patients' experiences of psychological distress during the disease course: a qualitative study.
机构信息
Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Department of Nursing, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 11;21(1):625. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03626-z.
BACKGROUND
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease with many unknown clinical and therapeutic dimensions. Patients with COVID-19 experience a variety of psychological problems during the disease. Understanding patients' mental condition and their distress during the disease is the first step to help these patients. So, the aim of this study was to explain COVID-19 patients' experiences of psychological distress during the disease course.
METHODS
The present qualitative research was conducted in Iran from April 2020 to April 2021 using the conventional content analysis method. The participants included patients with COVID-19, selected by the purposeful sampling method. Data was collected through 34 telephone and in-person interviews and analyzed based on the method proposed by Lundman and Graneheim.
RESULTS
Qualitative data analysis led to the emergence of sources of psychological distress as the main theme as well as seven categories and seven sub-categories. The categories were the disease's nature (the subcategories of disease's unknown dimensions, and disease severity), the anxiety caused by preventive behaviors (the subcategories of quarantine, worry about transmitting the infection to others and obsessive thoughts related to disinfection measures), the inefficient management by the health system (the subcategories of poor health care condition and lack of spiritual care), death anxiety, stigma, anxiety after recovery, and sleep pattern disturbance.
CONCLUSION
Patients with COVID-19 experience great psychological distress during the acute phase of the disease or even long after recovery. It is suggested that psychological and spiritual counseling, as a key element of treatment and support for these patients, is provided to patients in the acute phase of the disease, as well as after recovery. National and local media should boost awareness about the disease as a dangerous yet preventable and curable infectious disease. People should follow health instructions and leave their seeing the disease as a taboo.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Not applicable.
背景
2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种新兴疾病，其临床和治疗方面有许多未知之处。COVID-19 患者在患病期间会经历各种心理问题。了解患者的精神状况和疾病期间的痛苦是帮助这些患者的第一步。因此，本研究旨在解释 COVID-19 患者在疾病过程中经历的心理困扰。
方法
本定性研究于 2020 年 4 月至 2021 年 4 月在伊朗进行，采用常规内容分析法。参与者包括通过目的抽样法选择的 COVID-19 患者。通过 34 次电话和面对面访谈收集数据，并根据 Lundman 和 Graneheim 提出的方法进行分析。
结果
定性数据分析得出心理困扰的来源是主要主题，以及七个类别和七个子类。类别是疾病的性质（疾病未知维度和疾病严重程度的子类别）、预防行为引起的焦虑（检疫、担心将感染传染给他人和与消毒措施有关的强迫性思维的子类别）、卫生系统管理效率低下（医疗条件差和缺乏精神关怀的子类别）、死亡焦虑、污名、康复后焦虑和睡眠模式紊乱。
结论
COVID-19 患者在疾病的急性期甚至康复后都会经历严重的心理困扰。建议在疾病的急性期以及康复后为这些患者提供心理和精神咨询，作为治疗和支持这些患者的关键要素。国家和地方媒体应提高对这种疾病的认识，将其视为一种危险但可预防和可治疗的传染病。人们应该遵循健康指南，不再将其视为禁忌。
注册号
不适用。
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