WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, (Madrid), Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, (Madrid), Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Trends Parasitol. 2022 Apr;38(4):316-334. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.11.004. Epub 2021 Dec 9.
The control of diseases caused by protozoan parasites is one of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. In recent years much research effort has gone into developing a new generation of live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) against malaria, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. However, there is a bottleneck related to their biosafety, production, and distribution that slows downs further development. The success of irradiated or genetically attenuated sporozoites against malaria, added to the first LAV against leishmaniasis to be evaluated in clinical trials, is indicative that the drawbacks of LAVs are gradually being overcome. However, whether persistence of LAVs is a prerequisite for sustained long-term immunity remains to be clarified, and the procedures necessary for clinical evaluation of vaccine candidates need to be standardized.
控制由原生动物寄生虫引起的疾病是联合国可持续发展目标之一。近年来，人们投入了大量研究来开发新一代针对疟疾、恰加斯病和利什曼病的减毒活疫苗（LAV）。然而，它们在生物安全性、生产和分配方面存在瓶颈，这减缓了进一步的发展。辐照或遗传减毒的子孢子对疟疾的成功，以及首个在临床试验中评估的针对利什曼病的 LAV，表明 LAV 的缺点正在逐渐克服。然而，LAV 的持续存在是否是持续长期免疫的前提仍有待澄清，并且还需要标准化候选疫苗临床评估所需的程序。
