Graduate Program of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Hokkaido, Japan.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Public Health Nurs. 2022 Jan;39(1):262-269. doi: 10.1111/phn.13025. Epub 2021 Dec 13.
This study aimed to clarify the status of novice public health nurses' home-visit skills during their first year of practice.
A one-year longitudinal observational study was conducted with 80 novice public health nurses. The participants were recruited from the four Japanese prefectures and their affiliated municipalities selected by using stratified sampling.
Self-administered questionnaires were distributed three times between April 2016 and March 2017, asking about home-visit experiences, understandings of the significance of home-visit, and the levels of home-visit skills. Data were analyzed with paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.
All of twenty skills' self-ratings significantly increased between the fourth and eighth months; five skills continually increased between the eighth and twelfth months. Both of Physical Assessment and Relationship Development Skills improved to the "Can do, almost by myself" level at the twelfth month; other skills remained at the "Can do, with a little advice" level.
Although novice public health nurses improved to conducted home-visits independently, they didn't perceive themselves as being able to do so in their first year. Therefore, through preparing guideline, organizations should provide intentional support to assist their skill acquisition during their first, and even in their second year.
本研究旨在阐明新手公共卫生护士在执业第一年的家访技能状况。
本研究采用了一项为期一年的纵向观察性研究，共招募了 80 名新手公共卫生护士。参与者是通过分层抽样从日本四个县及其所属市中招募的。
在 2016 年 4 月至 2017 年 3 月期间，共发放了三次自我管理问卷，询问有关家访经验、对家访意义的理解以及家访技能水平的问题。采用配对 t 检验和 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验对数据进行分析。
所有 20 项技能的自我评分在第四个月至第八个月之间均显著增加；五项技能在第八个月至第十二个月之间持续增加。身体评估和关系发展技能在第十二个月达到“可以独立完成，几乎不需要指导”的水平；其他技能仍处于“可以完成，但需要一些建议”的水平。
尽管新手公共卫生护士能够独立进行家访，但在第一年他们并没有认为自己能够胜任。因此，组织应通过准备指导方针，为他们提供有针对性的支持，以帮助他们在第一年甚至第二年获得技能。
