He Qibao, Yang Qing, Liu Qiongqiong, Hu Zhaoyin, Gao Quan, Dong Yongcheng, Xiao Jinjing, Yu Linsheng, Cao Haiqun
Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
Pest Manag Sci. 2022 Apr;78(4):1407-1416. doi: 10.1002/ps.6757. Epub 2021 Dec 27.
Declines in bee populations and diversity have drawn international attention. The long-term use of chemical pesticides has affected bee behavior and physiology. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to four commonly used chemical pesticides (beta-cypermethrin, chlorbenzuron, chlorothalonil and pendimethalin) on the growth of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis cerana cerana larvae reared in vitro.
Pesticide type and concentration were the main factors affecting honeybee fitness. Beta-cypermethrin and chlorbenzuron had chronic toxic effects on bee larvae. They reduced the fitness of A. m. ligustica and A. c. cerana even at low doses of 323.5 ng g for beta-cypermethrin and 62.6 ng g for chlorbenzuron in bee bread. The effects were positively associated with the dietary amounts of pesticides. By contrast, chlorothalonil and pendimethalin exposure did not affect bee larvae despite changes in enzyme activities. Caution is still needed with chlorothalonil, which led to a decrease in harvest adult bee numbers at a high dose (6937.2 ng g ). Furthermore, a difference in pesticide resistance was observed, suggesting that A. m. ligustica may tolerate toxic effects better than A. c. cerana.
This study sheds new light on chronic toxicity in bee larvae exposed to residues in bee bread. The results could guide the scientific and rational use of chemical pesticides to reduce the potential risks to A. m. ligustica and A. c. cerana. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
蜜蜂种群数量和多样性的下降已引起国际关注。长期使用化学农药影响了蜜蜂的行为和生理。本研究旨在调查长期暴露于四种常用化学农药（高效氯氰菊酯、灭幼脲、百菌清和二甲戊灵）对体外饲养的意大利蜜蜂和中华蜜蜂幼虫生长的影响。
农药类型和浓度是影响蜜蜂健康的主要因素。高效氯氰菊酯和灭幼脲对蜜蜂幼虫具有慢性毒性作用。即使在蜂粮中高效氯氰菊酯低剂量为323.5纳克/克、灭幼脲低剂量为62.6纳克/克时，它们也会降低意大利蜜蜂和中华蜜蜂的健康水平。这些影响与农药的摄食量呈正相关。相比之下，尽管酶活性发生了变化，但接触百菌清和二甲戊灵并未影响蜜蜂幼虫。对于百菌清仍需谨慎，在高剂量（6937.2纳克/克）时它会导致成年蜜蜂收获数量减少。此外，观察到了农药抗性的差异，这表明意大利蜜蜂可能比中华蜜蜂更能耐受毒性作用。
本研究为蜜蜂幼虫接触蜂粮中残留农药的慢性毒性提供了新的见解。研究结果可为科学合理使用化学农药以降低对意大利蜜蜂和中华蜜蜂的潜在风险提供指导。© 202
