Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Nov 15;32(11):3805-3814. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202111.009.
The determination of regional ecological compensation quota and spatial selection are key issues in the study of horizontal transfer payment ecological compensation mechanism. Taking 12 districts of Fuzhou City as the basic research unit, we accounted the ecological function values of forest, grassland, wetland, agriculture, and marine ecosystems in 2015 and 2018. Combined with local economic development situation, we constructed an ecological compensation model. With this model, we determined the ecological compensation quota and spatial distribution of different ecosystems in various districts and counties of Fuzhou. The results showed that from 2015 to 2018, Gulou District had the largest ecological payment, with 36.384 billion yuan, followed by Mawei, Cangshan and Jin'an districts, with 7.809, 6.974 and 6.669 billion yuan, respectively. Luoyuan County and Taijiang District had lower payment, which were 2.942 and 1.903 billion yuan respectively. Among the areas requiring ecological compensation, Lianjiang County and Changle District had high compensation quotas, being 25.120 and 20.261 billion yuan, followed by Yongtai County (12.570 billion yuan). The compensation amounts in Minhou County, Fuqing City and Minqing County were less than 10 billion yuan. The distribution of ecological compensation differed across various ecosystems. In general, the main ecological compensation areas of forest, grassland, wetland and agriculture ecosystem were in Yongtai, Minqing, Minhou, Lianjiang and Luoyuan counties. The compensation amounts were 2.424-31.379 billion yuan in forest, 1.181-20.708 billion yuan in grassland, 1.015-45.493 billion yuan in wetland, and 5.780-23.954 billion yuan in cropland. The main regions that need compensation for marine ecosystem were Lianjiang County, Changle District, and Fuqing City, with the amount of compensation being 8.216-47.854 billion yuan. The results could properly reflect the coordinated development of regional ecological and economic conditions, which could provide a reference for the improvement of the ecological compensation mechanism in Fuzhou City.
区域生态补偿标准的确定和空间选择是横向转移支付生态补偿机制研究的关键问题。以福州市 12 个区为基本研究单元，核算了 2015 年和 2018 年森林、草地、湿地、农业和海洋生态系统的生态功能价值。结合当地经济发展情况，构建了生态补偿模型。利用该模型，确定了福州市各区县不同生态系统的生态补偿标准和空间分布。结果表明，2015 年至 2018 年，鼓楼区生态支付额最大，为 363.84 亿元，其次是马尾区、仓山区和晋安区，分别为 78.09 亿元、69.74 亿元和 66.69 亿元。罗源县和台江区支付额较低，分别为 29.42 亿元和 19.03 亿元。在需要生态补偿的地区中，连江县和长乐区补偿额较高，分别为 251.20 亿元和 202.61 亿元，其次是永泰县（125.70 亿元）。闽侯县、福清市和闽清县的补偿金额均不足 100 亿元。各生态系统的生态补偿分布不均。总体上，森林、草地、湿地和农业生态系统的主要生态补偿区为永泰、闽清、闽侯、连江和罗源县，补偿金额分别为 24.24 亿元至 313.79 亿元、1.181 亿元至 20.708 亿元、1.015 亿元至 454.93 亿元、5.780 亿元至 23.954 亿元。海洋生态系统需要补偿的主要地区是连江县、长乐区和福清市，补偿金额分别为 82.16 亿元至 478.54 亿元。结果能够适当反映区域生态经济条件的协调发展，可为完善福州市生态补偿机制提供参考。
