湿地生态系统服务功能及其价值核算：以福州市为例。
Wetland ecosystem service function and its value accounting:A case study of Fuzhou City, China.
机构信息
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
出版信息
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Nov 15;32(11):3824-3834. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202111.017.
Wetland plays an important role in ecological protection and social development. Scientific and rational evaluation of the values of wetland ecosystem service is the basis of protection and sustainable utilization of wetland resources. How to scientifically and effectively assess the wetland ecosystem gross ecosystem product (GEP) and make it into the national GDP accounting system are the focus of the scientific community and government departments. In this study, the accounting framework of wetland ecosystem GEP was constructed. Based on multi-source data and from the aspects of function and value, the accounting of wetland GEP in Fuzhou City was carried out. The results showed that the GEP of wetland ecosystem in Fuzhou City was 239.23 billion yuan in 2015. Such value mainly came from the ecological regulation service value (157.869 billion yuan), which accounted for 66.0% of the total and was about 2.2 and 15.6 times of the product supply service value and cultural service value. Among the ecological regulation services of wetlands, hydrodynamic regulation service and climate regulation service were the highest. Together, they accounted for 82.9% of the ecological regulation service value. The ecological regulation value per unit area of wetland in Fuzhou City was 1347.8 thousand yuan·hm, which was higher than the mean level of the whole country. In the districts and counties of Fuzhou City, the value of wetland ecosystem in Minqing County was the largest, about 88.83 billion yuan, accounting for 40.1% of the total value of product supply and ecological regulation. In terms of types, coastal wetlands in Fuzhou City had the largest function of ecological regulation services, which was about 2.5 times of that of river wetlands and constructed wetlands. The accounting of GEP of wetland ecosystem in Fuzhou City is an important practice for the conviction of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", which would provide technical support for guiding local government to scientifically manage wetland ecosystem.
湿地在生态保护和社会发展中发挥着重要作用。科学合理地评价湿地生态系统服务价值是湿地资源保护和可持续利用的基础。如何科学有效地评估湿地生态系统总生态产品（GEP）并纳入国民生产总值核算体系，是科学界和政府部门关注的焦点。本研究构建了湿地生态系统 GEP 的核算框架。基于多源数据，从功能和价值两个方面，对福州市湿地 GEP 进行了核算。结果表明，2015 年福州市湿地生态系统 GEP 为 2392.3 亿元。该价值主要来自生态调节服务价值（1578.69 亿元），占总价值的 66.0%，约为产品供应服务价值和文化服务价值的 2.2 倍和 15.6 倍。湿地生态系统的生态调节服务中，水动力调节服务和气候调节服务价值最高，两者合计占生态调节服务价值的 82.9%。福州市湿地单位面积生态调节价值为 134.79 万元·hm，高于全国平均水平。在福州市各区县中，闽清县湿地生态系统价值最大，约 888.3 亿元，占产品供应和生态调节总价值的 40.1%。从类型上看，福州市沿海湿地生态调节服务功能最大，约为河流湿地和人工湿地的 2.5 倍。福州市湿地生态系统 GEP 的核算，是“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的重要实践，可为指导地方政府科学管理湿地生态系统提供技术支撑。
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