Lee Eun-Kyung, Lam Tuan Q, Watson Duane G
Department of English Language and Literature, Yonsei University.
Department of Psychological Sciences, Loyola University New Orleans.
Discourse Process. 2021;58(9):820-836. doi: 10.1080/0163853x.2021.1954831. Epub 2021 Aug 3.
Although it is clear that unaccented referring expressions are associated with given information in a discourse (Dahan et al., 2002), it is less clear what aspects of givenness are relevant. We examine whether listeners' expectation of givenness depends on repetition of a referring expression or on contextual evocation of a referent. The results from two visual world eye-tracking experiments suggest that for interpretation, listeners associated reduced prominence with a repeated referring expression. Listeners expect previously evoked referents to be candidates for reduced referring expressions only when they are referred to with the exact same referential form. The data also suggest that when referents are referred to with different referential forms across utterances, accenting facilitates linking those forms for co-reference.
虽然很明显，在话语中无重音的指代表达与已知信息相关联（达汉等人，2002年），但不太清楚已知性的哪些方面是相关的。我们研究了听众对已知性的期望是取决于指代表达的重复还是取决于所指对象的语境唤起。两项视觉世界眼动追踪实验的结果表明，在解释过程中，听众将重复的指代表达与较低的显著性联系起来。只有当先前唤起的所指对象以完全相同的指称形式被提及时，听众才会期望它们成为简化指代表达的候选对象。数据还表明，当所指对象在不同话语中以不同的指称形式被提及时，重读有助于将这些形式联系起来以实现共指。
