Schmidt Markus, Kühnert Maritta, Kuschel Bettina, Kehl Sven, Schäfer-Graf Ute Margaretha
Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Sanakliniken Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.
Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2021 Dec 8;81(12):1348-1353. doi: 10.1055/a-1429-2742. eCollection 2021 Dec.
The incidence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (chronic IBD) in persons of reproductive age is high. Chronic IBD does not typically lead to impaired fertility. Nevertheless, the percentage of women suffering from chronic IBD who have children is lower than that of the general population, due to self-imposed childlessness. Providing women with open, unbiased information and, if necessary, helping them to overcome baseless fears should therefore be an essential part of preconception counseling. With the exception of methotrexate, most standard drugs can and should be continued during pregnancy. If the pregnancy occurs during an inactive phase of disease, the rate of complications in pregnancy should, in principle, not be higher than normal. Nevertheless, pregnant women with chronic IBD are classed as high-risk pregnancies. Organ screening in accordance with DEGUM II criteria should be carried out in every case, and women must be monitored for the potential development of placental insufficiency. Any flare-ups which occur during pregnancy should be treated in full. Vaginal delivery can be considered if there is no perianal manifestation of disease; however, the individual risk must be carefully weighed up.
育龄期人群中慢性炎症性肠病(慢性IBD)的发病率较高。慢性IBD通常不会导致生育能力受损。然而,由于主动选择不生育,患有慢性IBD的女性生育子女的比例低于一般人群。因此,为女性提供开放、无偏见的信息,并在必要时帮助她们克服无端恐惧,应成为孕前咨询的重要组成部分。除甲氨蝶呤外,大多数标准药物在孕期可以且应该继续使用。如果妊娠发生在疾病的静止期,原则上孕期并发症的发生率不应高于正常情况。然而,患有慢性IBD的孕妇仍被归类为高危妊娠。每种情况都应按照德国妇产科和产科学会(DEGUM)II标准进行器官筛查,并且必须对女性进行监测,以防胎盘功能不全的潜在发展。孕期发生的任何病情复发都应进行充分治疗。如果没有肛周疾病表现,可以考虑阴道分娩;然而,必须仔细权衡个体风险。