Andreides Dominik, Fliegerova Katerina Olsa, Pokorna Dana, Zabranska Jana
Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 1905, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
Biotechnol Adv. 2022 Sep;58:107886. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107886. Epub 2021 Dec 14.
Waste biomass is considered a promising renewable energy feedstock that can be converted by anaerobic digestion. However, anaerobic digestion application can be challenging due to the structural complexity of several waste biomass kinds. Therefore, coupling anaerobic digestion with thermochemical processes can offset the limitations and convert the hardly biodegradable waste biomass, including digestate residue, into value-added products: syngas and pyrogas (gaseous mixtures consisting mainly of H, CO, CO), bio-oil, and biochar for further valorisation. In this review, the utilisation boundaries and benefits of the aforementioned products by anaerobic culture are discussed. First, thermochemical process parameters for an enhanced yield of desired products are summarised. Particularly, the microbiology of CO and H mixture biomethanation and fermentation in anaerobic digestion is presented. Finally, the state-of-the-art biological conversion of syngas and pyrogas to CH mediated by anaerobic culture is adequately described. Extensive research shows the successful selective biological conversion of CO and H to CH, acetic acid, and alcohols. The main bottleneck is the gas-liquid mass transfer which can be enhanced appropriately by bioreactors' configurations. A few research groups focus on bio-oil and biochar addition into anaerobic digesters. However, according to the literature review, there has been no research for utilising all value-added products at once in anaerobic digestion published so far. Although synergic effects of such can be expected. In summary, the combination of anaerobic digestion and thermochemical processes is a promising alternative for wide-scale waste biomass utilisation in practice.
废弃生物质被认为是一种有前景的可再生能源原料，可通过厌氧消化进行转化。然而，由于几种废弃生物质种类的结构复杂性，厌氧消化的应用可能具有挑战性。因此，将厌氧消化与热化学过程相结合可以弥补这些局限性，并将包括沼渣残余物在内的难生物降解废弃生物质转化为增值产品：合成气和热解气（主要由H、CO、CO组成的气体混合物）、生物油和生物炭，以便进一步增值利用。在本综述中，讨论了厌氧培养对上述产品的利用界限和益处。首先，总结了提高所需产品产量的热化学过程参数。特别介绍了厌氧消化中CO和H混合物生物甲烷化及发酵的微生物学。最后，充分描述了厌氧培养介导的合成气和热解气生物转化为CH的最新进展。广泛的研究表明，CO和H能成功地选择性生物转化为CH、乙酸和醇类。主要瓶颈是气液传质，可通过生物反应器的配置适当增强。一些研究小组专注于将生物油和生物炭添加到厌氧消化池中。然而，根据文献综述，目前尚未有关于在厌氧消化中同时利用所有增值产品的研究发表。尽管可以预期会有协同效应。总之，厌氧消化和热化学过程的结合是大规模实际利用废弃生物质的一种有前景的替代方法。
