肾活检的适应证和注意事项：非专业人员的临床注意事项概述。
Indications and considerations for kidney biopsy: an overview of clinical considerations for the non-specialist.
机构信息
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
*joint first authors.
出版信息
Clin Med (Lond). 2022 Jan;22(1):34-40. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2021-0472. Epub 2021 Dec 17.
Around 3 million people in the UK have chronic kidney disease and 20% of hospital admissions are complicated by acute kidney injury. Decline in kidney function is not a diagnosis; it is essential to identify and treat underlying causes of acute and chronic kidney disease to either achieve recovery or slow the decline of kidney function. Thorough clinical assessment and simple investigations help determine the category of kidney injury (pre-renal, intrinsic or post-renal) and inform the need for kidney biopsy, which can provide significant information in the evaluation of suspected intrinsic kidney disease, supporting diagnosis, guiding prognosis and management, and identifying disease relapse. The procedure is invasive and not without risk, which although small has the potential to be both organ- and life-threatening. This review outlines roles of kidney biopsy for the non-specialist, with focus of its role in patients with diabetes, lupus, myeloma and in the older patient.
英国约有 300 万人患有慢性肾病，20%的住院患者因急性肾损伤而使病情复杂化。肾功能下降并不是一种诊断；识别和治疗急性和慢性肾病的根本原因至关重要，这样才能实现康复，或减缓肾功能下降。全面的临床评估和简单的检查有助于确定肾损伤类别（肾前性、肾性或肾后性），并确定是否需要进行肾活检，这可以为疑似肾性疾病的评估提供重要信息，支持诊断、指导预后和管理，并识别疾病复发。该操作具有侵入性，且并非没有风险，尽管风险很小，但有可能危及器官和生命。本文概述了非专家进行肾活检的作用，重点介绍了其在糖尿病、狼疮、骨髓瘤和老年患者中的作用。
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