Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2022 Apr;1510(1):5-17. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14728. Epub 2021 Dec 17.
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a syndrome caused by reflux of gastric contents into the pharynx or larynx, which leads to symptoms of throat clearing, hoarseness, pain, globus sensation, cough, excess mucus production in the throat, and dysphonia. LPR is a challenging condition, as there is currently no gold standard for diagnosis or treatment, and thus this presents a burden to the healthcare system. Strategies for treatment of LPR are numerous. Medical therapies include proton pump inhibitors, which are first line, H2 receptor antagonists, alginates, and baclofen. Other noninvasive treatment options include lifestyle therapy and the external upper esophageal sphincter compression device. Endoscopic and surgical options include antireflux surgery, magnetic sphincter augmentation, and transoral incisionless fundoplication. Functional laryngeal disorders and laryngeal hypersensitivity can present as LPR symptoms with or without gastroesophageal reflux disease. Though there are minimal studies in this area, neuromodulators and behavioral interventions are potential treatment options. Given the complexity of these patients and numerous available treatment options, we propose a treatment algorithm to help clinicians diagnose and triage patients into an appropriate therapy.
喉咽反流(LPR)是一种由胃内容物反流至咽或喉引起的综合征,其导致清喉、声音嘶哑、疼痛、咽部异物感、咳嗽、咽喉黏液分泌过多和发声困难等症状。LPR 是一种具有挑战性的疾病,因为目前尚无诊断或治疗的金标准,因此给医疗系统带来了负担。LPR 的治疗策略有很多。药物治疗包括质子泵抑制剂(PPI),这是一线治疗药物,还有 H2 受体拮抗剂、藻酸盐和巴氯芬。其他非侵入性治疗选择包括生活方式治疗和外部食管上括约肌压缩装置。内镜和手术治疗包括抗反流手术、磁性括约肌增强和经口无切口胃底折叠术。功能性喉疾病和喉高敏性可能表现为 LPR 症状,伴有或不伴有胃食管反流病。尽管该领域的研究很少,但神经调节剂和行为干预可能是潜在的治疗选择。鉴于这些患者的复杂性和众多可用的治疗选择,我们提出了一种治疗算法,以帮助临床医生诊断并将患者分诊至适当的治疗方法。