Huang Guo, Chen Juan, Zhou Jun, Xiao Shuai, Zeng Weihong, Xia Jiliang, Zeng Xi
Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Dec 19;21(1):687. doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-02405-w.
Thyroid cancer remains the most prevailing endocrine malignancy, and a progressively increasing incidence rate has been observed in recent years, with 95% of thyroid cancer represented by differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The genetics and epigenetics of thyroid cancer are gradually increasing, and gene mutations and methylation changes play an important roles in its occurrence and development. Although the role of RAS and BRAF mutations in thyroid cancer have been partially clarified,but the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of thyroid cancer remain to be elucidated. Epigenetic modification refer to genetic modification that does not change the DNA sequence of a gene but causes heritable phenotypic changes in its expression. Epigenetic modification mainly includes four aspects: DNA methylation, chromatin remodelling, noncoding RNA regulation, and histone modification. This article reviews the importance of thyroid cancer epigenetic modification and BRAF gene mutation in the treatment of thyroid cancer.
甲状腺癌仍然是最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤，近年来其发病率呈逐渐上升趋势，其中95%的甲状腺癌为分化型甲状腺癌。甲状腺癌的遗传学和表观遗传学研究日益增多，基因突变和甲基化变化在其发生发展中起重要作用。虽然RAS和BRAF突变在甲状腺癌中的作用已部分阐明，但甲状腺癌的发病机制和分子机制仍有待阐明。表观遗传修饰是指不改变基因DNA序列但导致其表达发生可遗传表型变化的基因修饰。表观遗传修饰主要包括四个方面：DNA甲基化、染色质重塑、非编码RNA调控和组蛋白修饰。本文综述了甲状腺癌表观遗传修饰和BRAF基因突变在甲状腺癌治疗中的重要性。
