Ahmed Abdelkareem A, Essa Mohammed Elmujtba Adam
Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan; Department of Cancer Research and Awareness, Medical and Cancer Research Institute, Nyala, Sudan.
Department of Cancer Research and Awareness, Medical and Cancer Research Institute, Nyala, Sudan.
Cancer Genet. 2019 Nov;239:13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.08.006. Epub 2019 Aug 23.
Thyroid cancer remains the highest prevailing endocrine malignancy, and its incidence rate has progressively increased in the previous years. Above 95% of thyroid tumor are follicular cells types of carcinoma in which are considered invasive type of tumor. The pathogenesis and molecular mechanism of thyroid tumors are yet remains elucidated, in spite of activating RET, RAS and BRAF carcinogenesis have been well introduced. Nemours molecular alterations have been defined and have revealed promise for their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic capacity but still need further confirmation. Among different types of mechanisms, the current article reviews the importance of epigenetic modifications in thyroid cancer. Increasing data from previous reports demonstrate that acquired epigenetic abnormalities together with genetic changes plays an important role in alteration of gene expression patterns. Aberrant DNA methylation has been well known in the CpG regions and profile of microRNAs (mi-RNAs) expression also involved in cancer development. In addition, the gene expression through epigenetic control contribution to thyroid cancer is analyzed and it is semi considered in the clinic. However the epigenetic of the thyroid cancer is yet remains in its early stages, and it carries encouraging potential thyroid cancer detections in its early stages, assessment of prognosis and targeted cancer treatment.
甲状腺癌仍然是最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤，并且其发病率在过去几年中呈逐渐上升趋势。超过95%的甲状腺肿瘤为滤泡细胞癌，属于侵袭性肿瘤类型。尽管RET、RAS和BRAF致癌激活机制已被充分介绍，但甲状腺肿瘤的发病机制和分子机制仍有待阐明。已确定了一些新的分子改变，并显示出它们在诊断、预后和治疗方面的潜力，但仍需进一步证实。在不同类型的机制中，本文综述了表观遗传修饰在甲状腺癌中的重要性。先前报告中的越来越多的数据表明，获得性表观遗传异常与基因变化一起在基因表达模式改变中起重要作用。CpG区域的异常DNA甲基化已为人所知，微小RNA（mi-RNA）表达谱也参与癌症发展。此外，还分析了通过表观遗传控制对甲状腺癌基因表达的贡献，并且在临床上也有所考虑。然而，甲状腺癌的表观遗传学仍处于早期阶段，其在甲状腺癌早期检测、预后评估和靶向癌症治疗方面具有令人鼓舞的潜力。
