Lipscomb Diana L
Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, U.S.A.
Cladistics. 1992 Mar;8(1):45-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00050.x.
Abstract- The order of states in a transformation series describes an internested set of synapomorphies. States adjacent to each other in the transformation series thus share a degree of homology not found in the other states. Whether the level of homology is relatively apomorphic is determined by rooting the order with outgroup comparison. The analysis of state order is a homology problem and is solved with a two-step process using similarity and congruence with other characters as criteria. Other methods that have been proposed (e.g. transformation series analysis, non-additive analysis, morphocline analysis, ontogenetic analysis) fail to apply both similarity and congruence, and thus cannot be used independently for determining character state order.
摘要——转换系列中状态的顺序描述了一组相互嵌套的共衍征。因此，在转换系列中彼此相邻的状态具有一定程度的同源性，而其他状态则不具备这种同源性。同源性水平是否相对为衍征状态是通过与外类群比较来确定该顺序的根而决定的。状态顺序分析是一个同源性问题，通过一个两步过程来解决，该过程以与其他性状的相似性和一致性为标准。已提出的其他方法（例如转换系列分析、非加法分析、形态渐变分析、个体发育分析）未能同时应用相似性和一致性，因此不能独立用于确定性状状态顺序。
