Automated detection of skeletal metastasis of lung cancer with bone scans using convolutional nuclear network.

A bone scan is widely used for surveying bone metastases caused by various solid tumors. Scintigraphic images are characterized by inferior spatial resolution, bringing a significant challenge to manual analysis of images by nuclear medicine physicians. We present in this work a new framework for automatically classifying scintigraphic images collected from patients clinically diagnosed with lung cancer. The framework consists of data preparation and image classification. In the data preparation stage, data augmentation is used to enlarge the dataset, followed by image fusion and thoracic region extraction. In the image classification stage, we use a self-defined convolutional neural network consisting of feature extraction, feature aggregation, and feature classification sub-networks. The developed multi-class classification network can not only predict whether a bone scan image contains bone metastasis but also tell which subcategory of lung cancer that a bone metastasis metastasized from is present in the image. Experimental evaluations on a set of clinical bone scan images have shown that the proposed multi-class classification network is workable for automated classification of metastatic images, with achieving average scores of 0.7392, 0.7592, 0.7242, and 0.7292 for accuracy, precision, recall, and F-1 score, respectively.