Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Cell Death Dis. 2021 Dec 21;13(1):24. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-04472-3.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a novel category of small noncoding RNAs, are enzymatically cleaved from tRNAs. Previous reports have shed some light on the roles of tsRNAs in the development of human diseases. However, our knowledge about tsRNAs is still relatively lacking. In this paper, we review the biogenesis, classification, subcellular localization as well as action mechanism of tsRNAs, and discuss the association between chemical modifications of tRNAs and the production and functions of tsRNAs. Furthermore, using immunity, metabolism, and malignancy as examples, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of tsRNAs in diseases and evaluate the potential of tsRNAs as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. At the same time, we compile and introduce several resource databases that are currently publicly available for analyzing tsRNAs. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with research in this field and future directions.
转移 RNA(tRNA)-衍生的小 RNA(tsRNA)，作为一类新的小非编码 RNA，是由 tRNA 酶切产生的。先前的研究报告阐明了 tsRNA 在人类疾病发展中的作用。然而，我们对 tsRNA 的认识仍然相对有限。在本文中，我们综述了 tsRNA 的生物发生、分类、亚细胞定位以及作用机制，并讨论了 tRNA 的化学修饰与 tsRNA 的产生和功能之间的关系。此外，我们以免疫、代谢和恶性肿瘤为例，总结了 tsRNA 在疾病中的分子机制，并评估了 tsRNA 作为新型生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。同时，我们对当前可用于分析 tsRNA 的几个公开资源数据库进行了整理和介绍。最后，我们讨论了该领域研究相关的挑战和未来的发展方向。
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