Transmission of NDM-5-Producing and OXA-48-Producing Escherichia coli Sequence Type 648 by International Visitors without Previous Medical Exposure.

Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 648 strains were isolated from two international visitors without previous medical exposure from Southeast Asian countries in a hospital in Japan. One isolate, FUJ80154, carried in a complex class 1 integron on an IncFIB/FII plasmid; the other isolate, FUJ80155, carried two copies of on the chromosome flanked by IS on both sides. The core-genome based-phylogenetic analysis with publicly available genome data of E. coli ST648 carrying or demonstrated high genetic similarity between FUJ80154 and NDM-5-prooducing E. coli ST648 strains isolated in South and Southeast Asian countries. On the other hand, no closely related isolates of FUJ80155 were identified. In the absence of prior hospitalization overseas, neither patient had qualified for routine screening of multidrug-resistant organisms, and the isolates were incidentally identified in cultures ordered at the discretion of the treating physician. Although patients with history of international hospitalization are often subject to screening for multidrug-resistant organisms, it is unclear whether patients who reside in countries where carbapenemase-producing (CPE) is endemic but have no history of local hospitalization contribute to the transmission of CPE. In this study, NDM-5-producing and OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 648, a recently recognized high-risk, multidrug-resistant clone, were detected from two overseas visitors without previous medical exposure. The findings of this study suggest that active surveillance culture on admission to hospital may be considered for travelers from countries with endemicity of carbapenem-resistant organisms even without history of local hospitalization and underscore the need to monitor cross-border transmission of high-risk clones, such as carbapenemase-producing E. coli ST648.