Observations on the natural history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

We have studied certain aspects of the natural history of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus in placebo-treated patients followed prospectively over one year as part of a therapeutic drug trial. Observations on the incidence of ocular complications relating to the efficacy of oral acyclovir in this disease have been previously published. This report provides supplemental observations on the natural history of frequently observed ocular complications of zoster ophthalmicus: corneal hypesthesia, episcleritis, dendritiform keratopathy, stromal keratitis, anterior uveitis, and post herpetic neuralgia. These ocular complications of zoster typically present within the first two weeks of the diagnosis. This report characterizes the onset of corneal hypesthesia, episcleritis, dendritiform keratopathy, stromal keratitis, and anterior uveitis as well as interrelationships amongst these sequellae of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Post-herpetic neuralgia occurs in 52% of patients and persists beyond a year in 22% of those affected.