Guerra Guimarães Tarcísio, Menezes Cardoso Karla, Tralhão Pedro, Marto Carlos Miguel, Alexandre Nuno, Botelho Maria Filomena, Laranjo Mafalda
Institute of Research and Advanced Training (IIFA), University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal.
Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2021 Dec 20;8(12):225. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering8120225.
Neoplasms of melanocytic origin are diseases relevant to dogs and cats' ophthalmic oncology due to their incidence, potential visual loss, and consequent decrease in life quality and expectancy. Despite its non-specific clinical presentation, melanocytic neoplasms can be histologically distinguished in melanocytomas, which present benign characteristics, and malignant melanomas. The diagnosis often occurs in advanced cases, limiting the therapeutic options. Surgery, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and laser are currently available therapeutic strategies. As no clinical guidelines are available, the treatment choice is primarily based on the clinician's preference, proficiency, and the owner's financial constraints. While surgery is curative in benign lesions, ocular melanomas present a variable response to treatments, besides the potential of tumour recurrences or metastatic disease. This review presents the currently available therapies for ocular melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats, describing the therapeutic, indications, and limitations. Additionally, new therapeutics being developed are presented and discussed, as they can improve the current treatment options.
起源于黑素细胞的肿瘤是与犬猫眼科肿瘤学相关的疾病，这是由于其发病率、潜在的视力丧失以及随之而来的生活质量和预期寿命的降低。尽管黑素细胞肿瘤的临床表现不具有特异性，但在组织学上可区分为具有良性特征的黑素细胞瘤和恶性黑色素瘤。诊断通常在晚期病例中出现，这限制了治疗选择。手术、冷冻疗法、放射疗法、光动力疗法（PDT）和激光是目前可用的治疗策略。由于没有临床指南，治疗选择主要基于临床医生的偏好、熟练程度以及宠物主人的经济限制。虽然手术对良性病变具有治愈性，但眼黑色素瘤除了有肿瘤复发或转移性疾病的可能性外，对治疗的反应也各不相同。本综述介绍了目前犬猫眼黑素细胞肿瘤可用的治疗方法，描述了治疗方法、适应症和局限性。此外，还介绍并讨论了正在开发的新疗法，因为它们可以改善当前的治疗选择。
