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通过高分辨质谱法对尿液中的 T-2 毒素、T-2 毒素-3-葡萄糖苷及其代谢物进行人体生物监测。

Human Biomonitoring of T-2 Toxin, T-2 Toxin-3-Glucoside and Their Metabolites in Urine through High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

机构信息

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.

出版信息

Toxins (Basel). 2021 Dec 5;13(12):869. doi: 10.3390/toxins13120869.


DOI:10.3390/toxins13120869
PMID:34941707
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8703800/
Abstract

The metabolic profile of T-2 toxin (T-2) and its modified form T-2-3-glucoside (T-2-3-Glc) remain unexplored in human samples. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of T-2, T-2-3-Glc and their respective major metabolites in human urine samples ( 300) collected in South Italy through an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to Q-Orbitrap-HRMS methodology. T-2 was quantified in 21% of samples at a mean concentration of 1.34 ng/mg Crea (range: 0.22-6.54 ng/mg Crea). Almost all the major T-2 metabolites previously characterized in vitro were tentatively found, remarking the occurrence of 3'-OH-T-2 (99.7%), T-2 triol (56%) and HT-2 (30%). Regarding T-2-3-Glc, a low prevalence of the parent mycotoxin (1%) and its metabolites were observed, with HT-2-3-Glc (17%) being the most prevalent compound, although hydroxylated products were also detected. Attending to the large number of testing positive for T-2 or its metabolites, this study found a frequent exposure in Italian population.

摘要

在人类样本中,T-2 毒素(T-2)及其修饰形式 T-2-3-葡萄糖苷(T-2-3-Glc)的代谢谱仍未得到探索。因此,本研究旨在通过超高效液相色谱(UHPLC)与 Q-Orbitrap-HRMS 方法,检测来自意大利南部的 300 个人类尿液样本中 T-2、T-2-3-Glc 及其各自主要代谢物的存在情况。在 21%的样本中定量检测到 T-2,其平均浓度为 1.34ng/mgCrea(范围:0.22-6.54ng/mgCrea)。几乎所有先前在体外表征的主要 T-2 代谢物都被推测发现,其中 3'-OH-T-2(99.7%)、T-2 三醇(56%)和 HT-2(30%)的含量较高。关于 T-2-3-Glc,母体真菌毒素(1%)及其代谢物的检出率较低,其中 HT-2-3-Glc(17%)是最常见的化合物,尽管也检测到了羟基化产物。鉴于大量样本中 T-2 或其代谢物呈阳性,本研究发现意大利人群中存在频繁的暴露情况。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd54/8703800/aa5ae73b9ad7/toxins-13-00869-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd54/8703800/fd922bfc15ed/toxins-13-00869-g001a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd54/8703800/aa5ae73b9ad7/toxins-13-00869-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd54/8703800/fd922bfc15ed/toxins-13-00869-g001a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd54/8703800/aa5ae73b9ad7/toxins-13-00869-g002.jpg

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引用本文的文献

[1]
Toxicity, Mitigation, and Chemical Analysis of Aflatoxins and Other Toxic Metabolites Produced by Aspergillus: A Comprehensive Review.

Toxins (Basel). 2025-6-30

[2]
Frequent Dietary Multi-Mycotoxin Exposure in UK Children and Its Association with Dietary Intake.

Toxins (Basel). 2024-5-28

[3]
Identification of Biotransformation Products of T-2 Toxin in HepG2 Cells Using LC-Q-TOF MS.

Foods. 2024-5-13

[4]
Investigating the Impact of Dietary Fibers on Mycotoxin Bioaccessibility during In Vitro Biscuit Digestion and Metabolites Identification.

Foods. 2023-8-23

本文引用的文献

[1]
Assessment of Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol, Ochratoxin A, Zearalenone and Their Metabolites Biomarker in Urine Samples Using LC-ESI-qTOF.

Toxins (Basel). 2021-7-28

[2]
Species diversity and mycotoxin production by members of the Fusarium tricinctum species complex associated with Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley in Italy.

Int J Food Microbiol. 2021-11-16

[3]
Mycotoxins Exposure of French Grain Elevator Workers: Biomonitoring and Airborne Measurements.

Toxins (Basel). 2021-5-27

[4]
Case-Control Study of Nodding Syndrome in Acholiland: Urinary Multi-Mycotoxin Screening.

Toxins (Basel). 2021-4-27

[5]
Biomonitoring of Multiple Mycotoxins in Urine by GC-MS/MS: A Pilot Study on Patients with Esophageal Cancer in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran.

Toxins (Basel). 2021-3-29

[6]
Interactions between T-2 toxin and its metabolites in HepG2 cells and in silico approach.

Food Chem Toxicol. 2021-2

[7]
An update on T-2 toxin and its modified forms: metabolism, immunotoxicity mechanism, and human exposure assessment.

Arch Toxicol. 2020-11

[8]
T-2 toxin and its metabolites: Characterization, cytotoxic mechanisms and adaptive cellular response in human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells.

Food Chem Toxicol. 2020-11

[9]
Human and animal dietary exposure to T-2 and HT-2 toxin.

EFSA J. 2017-8-14

[10]
Biomonitoring of Enniatin B1 and Its Phase I Metabolites in Human Urine: First Large-Scale Study.

Toxins (Basel). 2020-6-22

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