Ludwiczak Agnieszka, Skrzypczak Ewa, Składanowska-Baryza Joanna, Stanisz Marek, Ślósarz Piotr, Racewicz Przemysław
Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Słoneczna 1, 62-002 Suchy Las, Poland.
Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Słoneczna 1, 62-002 Suchy Las, Poland.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Dec 7;11(12):3484. doi: 10.3390/ani11123484.
Humans who care for pigs prefer an environment that not only allows the pigs to express their natural behaviors but also limits the development of aggression and stereotypes. Most of the behavioral and health problems encountered by pigs in barren, conventional conditions are solved by alternative housing systems. However, it is not known whether these systems are advantageous in terms of the performance of pigs. In this work, we review the effects of housing systems on pigs' behaviors and performance, which are among the major indicators of the welfare of these animals. Research results point out that outdoor systems are more ideal for sows and fatteners than buildings. Nonetheless, outdoor housing is associated with two major effects in both groups: increased activity due to environmental exploration and higher space allowance, and increased incidence of injuries compared to indoor systems. Sows are more active when housed in groups, but they experience an increased frequency of injuries. According to the literature, group-housed sows give birth to healthy piglets with good daily weight gains. The difference in the fattening and slaughter performance of pigs raised indoors vs. outdoors remains unclear, and the results reported so far are inconsistent. Outdoor systems seem to be associated with a higher incidence of osteochondrosis and lesions of elbow and hock joints, whereas indoor systems cause a greater degree of body soiling in pigs. Based on the reviewed literature, it may be concluded that outdoor housing helps to solve behavioral issues in pigs but leads to other problems in pig production.
照顾猪的人更喜欢这样一种环境，它不仅能让猪表现出其自然行为，还能限制攻击行为和刻板行为的发展。在贫瘠的传统养殖条件下，猪所遇到的大多数行为和健康问题都可以通过替代养殖系统来解决。然而，尚不清楚这些系统在猪的生产性能方面是否具有优势。在这项工作中，我们回顾了养殖系统对猪的行为和生产性能的影响，而这些是衡量这些动物福利的主要指标。研究结果指出，对于母猪和育肥猪来说，户外养殖系统比圈舍更理想。尽管如此，户外养殖在这两类猪中都有两个主要影响：由于环境探索和更大的空间而导致活动增加，以及与室内系统相比受伤发生率增加。母猪群居时更活跃，但受伤频率会增加。根据文献记载，群居的母猪能产下健康的仔猪，仔猪日增重良好。室内养殖和户外养殖的猪在育肥和屠宰性能上的差异仍不明确，目前报道的结果也不一致。户外养殖系统似乎与骨软骨病以及肘部和跗关节损伤的发生率较高有关，而室内养殖系统会导致猪身上的脏污程度更高。根据所回顾的文献，可以得出结论，户外养殖有助于解决猪的行为问题，但会在生猪生产中引发其他问题。
