Yoshida Hiroshi, Shiraishi Kouya, Kato Tomoyasu
Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Dec 17;13(24):6351. doi: 10.3390/cancers13246351.
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and is predominantly caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). However, a small subset of cervical cancers tests negative for HPV, including true HPV-independent cancers and false-negative cases. True HPV-negative cancers appear to be more prevalent in certain pathological adenocarcinoma subtypes, such as gastric- and clear-cell-type adenocarcinomas. Moreover, HPV-negative cervical cancers have proven to be a biologically distinct tumor subset that follows a different pathogenetic pathway to HPV-associated cervical cancers. HPV-negative cervical cancers are often diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis and are expected to persist in the post-HPV vaccination era; therefore, it is important to understand HPV-negative cancers. In this review, we provide a concise overview of the molecular pathology of HPV-negative cervical cancers, with a focus on their definitions, the potential causes of false-negative HPV tests, and the histology, genetic profiles, and pathogenesis of HPV-negative cancers.
宫颈癌是全球女性中第四大常见癌症，主要由人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染引起。然而，一小部分宫颈癌HPV检测呈阴性，包括真正不依赖HPV的癌症和假阴性病例。真正的HPV阴性癌症在某些病理腺癌亚型中似乎更为普遍，如胃型和透明细胞型腺癌。此外，HPV阴性宫颈癌已被证明是一个生物学上不同的肿瘤亚群，其发病机制与HPV相关宫颈癌不同。HPV阴性宫颈癌通常在晚期被诊断出来，预后较差，预计在HPV疫苗接种时代仍会存在；因此，了解HPV阴性癌症很重要。在这篇综述中，我们简要概述了HPV阴性宫颈癌的分子病理学，重点关注其定义、HPV检测假阴性的潜在原因以及HPV阴性癌症的组织学、基因图谱和发病机制。
