Tellier Michael
Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
Life (Basel). 2021 Dec 4;11(12):1342. doi: 10.3390/life11121342.
SETMAR is a protein lysine methyltransferase that is involved in several DNA processes, including DNA repair via the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, regulation of gene expression, illegitimate DNA integration, and DNA decatenation. However, SETMAR is an atypical protein lysine methyltransferase since in anthropoid primates, the SET domain is fused to an inactive DNA transposase. The presence of the DNA transposase domain confers to SETMAR a DNA binding activity towards the remnants of its transposable element, which has resulted in the emergence of a gene regulatory function. Both the SET and the DNA transposase domains are involved in the different cellular roles of SETMAR, indicating the presence of novel and specific functions in anthropoid primates. In addition, SETMAR is dysregulated in different types of cancer, indicating a potential pathological role. While some light has been shed on SETMAR functions, more research and new tools are needed to better understand the cellular activities of SETMAR and to investigate the therapeutic potential of SETMAR.
SETMAR是一种蛋白质赖氨酸甲基转移酶，参与多种DNA相关过程，包括通过非同源末端连接（NHEJ）途径进行的DNA修复、基因表达调控、非法DNA整合以及DNA解连环。然而，SETMAR是一种非典型的蛋白质赖氨酸甲基转移酶，因为在灵长类动物中，SET结构域与一个无活性的DNA转座酶融合。DNA转座酶结构域的存在赋予SETMAR对其转座元件残余部分的DNA结合活性，这导致了一种基因调控功能的出现。SET结构域和DNA转座酶结构域都参与了SETMAR的不同细胞功能，表明在灵长类动物中存在新的特定功能。此外，SETMAR在不同类型的癌症中表达失调，表明其具有潜在的病理作用。虽然已经对SETMAR的功能有了一些了解，但仍需要更多的研究和新工具来更好地理解SETMAR的细胞活性，并研究SETMAR的治疗潜力。
