Department of Administrative and Human Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 15;18(24):13220. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413220.
The rapid growth and development of cities is a contributing factor to the rise and persistence of dengue fever (DF) in many areas around the world. Many studies have examined how neighbourhood environmental conditions contribute to dengue fever and its spread, but have not paid enough attention to links between socio-economic conditions and other factors, including population composition, population density, the presence of migrant groups, and neighbourhood environmental conditions. This study examines DF and its distribution across 56 neighbourhoods of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, where the incidence of dengue remains high. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis it focuses on the key ecological correlates of DF from 2006-2009, the years of the initial outbreak. Neighbourhood variations in average case rates per 10,000 population (2006-2009) were largely predicted by the Saudi gender ratio and socio-economic status (SES), the respective beta coefficients being 0.56 and 0.32 ( < 0.001). Overall, 77.1% of cases occurred in the poorest neighbourhoods. SES effects, however, are complex and were partly mediated by neighbourhood population density and the presence of migrant groups. SES effects persisted after controls for both factors, suggesting the effect of other structural factors and reflecting a lack of DF awareness and the lack of vector control strategies in poorer neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood environmental conditions, as measured by the presence of surface water, were not significant. It is suggested that future research pay more attention to the different pathways that link neighbourhood social status to dengue and wider health outcomes.
城市的快速发展是导致世界许多地区登革热（DF）上升和持续存在的一个因素。许多研究都考察了邻里环境条件如何促成登革热及其传播，但没有充分关注社会经济条件与其他因素之间的联系，包括人口构成、人口密度、移民群体的存在以及邻里环境条件。本研究考察了沙特阿拉伯吉达市 56 个街区的登革热及其分布情况，该市的登革热发病率仍然很高。该研究使用逐步多元回归分析，重点关注 2006-2009 年（登革热初始爆发的年份）与 DF 相关的关键生态因素。邻里之间每 10000 人口的平均病例率（2006-2009 年）的差异在很大程度上可以由沙特的性别比例和社会经济地位（SES）来预测，各自的β系数分别为 0.56 和 0.32（<0.001）。总体而言，77.1%的病例发生在最贫困的街区。然而，SES 的影响是复杂的，部分受到邻里人口密度和移民群体存在的影响。在控制了这两个因素后，SES 的影响仍然存在，这表明了其他结构因素的影响，反映了贫困社区缺乏对登革热的认识和缺乏病媒控制策略。邻里环境条件，如地表水的存在，并不重要。研究建议未来的研究更多地关注将邻里社会地位与登革热和更广泛的健康结果联系起来的不同途径。
