Physical Education Office, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 16;18(24):13259. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413259.
Through scholastic sports programs, adolescent athletes compete to represent their communities. However, few studies investigate the changes in physiological and mental profiles during varied sport periodization among this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the changes in sports performance and stress-related biomarkers between the competitive season (CS) and off-season (OS) in elite adolescent basketball players.
Nine elite Division I male basketball players (age: 15-18 years. old) participated in this study. Basketball-specific performance, salivary dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)/cortisol levels, mood state, and sleep quality were all accessed during the CS and OS periods.
The training load during OS was 26.0% lower than CS (p = 0.001). Muscle mass, aerobic capacity, 10 m sprint, and Abalakov jump (AJ) power during OS were greater than that during CS (+2.2-9.8%, p < 0.05), but planned agility was greater during CS (p = 0.003). The salivary DHEA-S/cortisol was greater during CS than during OS (p = 0.039). The overall mood state and sleep quality did not differ between periods, but the POMS-tension was higher during CS (p = 0.005).
The present study demonstrates that muscle mass, aerobic capacity, peak AJ power, and 10 m sprint performance, but not planned agility, were greater during OS compared to CS among elite adolescent basketball players. Furthermore, the stress-related responses reflected by the D/C ratio and mood tension were relatively lower during the OS in these athletes. Thus, this study suggests that coaches and sport science professionals should closely monitor athletes' training states across varied training/competition periods to better react to modifying training or recovery plans.
通过学校体育项目，青少年运动员竞争代表他们的社区。然而，很少有研究调查这个人群在不同运动周期期间生理和心理特征的变化。因此，本研究的目的是比较精英青少年篮球运动员在竞技赛季（CS）和休赛期（OS）期间运动表现和与压力相关的生物标志物的变化。
9 名精英一级男性篮球运动员（年龄：15-18 岁）参与了这项研究。在 CS 和 OS 期间，评估了篮球专项表现、唾液脱氢表雄酮硫酸盐（DHEA-S）/皮质醇水平、情绪状态和睡眠质量。
OS 期间的训练负荷比 CS 低 26.0%（p = 0.001）。OS 期间肌肉质量、有氧能力、10 米冲刺和阿巴拉科夫跳跃（AJ）力量大于 CS（+2.2-9.8%，p < 0.05），但计划敏捷性在 CS 期间更大（p = 0.003）。CS 期间唾液 DHEA-S/皮质醇大于 OS（p = 0.039）。两个时期的整体情绪状态和睡眠质量没有差异，但 CS 期间 POMS-紧张度更高（p = 0.005）。
本研究表明，与 CS 相比，OS 期间精英青少年篮球运动员的肌肉质量、有氧能力、峰值 AJ 力量和 10 米冲刺表现更大，但计划敏捷性没有增加。此外，运动员的 D/C 比值和情绪紧张度反映的应激反应在 OS 期间相对较低。因此，本研究表明，教练和运动科学专业人员应密切监测运动员在不同训练/比赛期间的训练状态，以便更好地调整训练或恢复计划。
