Kamarauskas Paulius, Conte Daniele
Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Biol Sport. 2022 Sep;39(3):673-693. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.107018. Epub 2021 Aug 27.
Changes in salivary markers have been largely assessed during different modalities of long-term and short-term basketball training across different basketball populations. The aim of this paper was to systematically review the literature assessing changes in salivary markers in basketball following long-term and short-term training periods. An electronic database search of articles published until October 2020 was completed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and Web of Science. Studies were then screened and selected using pre-defined selection criteria with 1080 articles identified. After removing 690 duplicates, 390 articles were included for screening, which revealed 15 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The main findings revealed no changes in testosterone (T), cortisol (C) or their ratio (T:C), while contrasting results were found in immunoglobulin A (IgA) and total protein (TP) levels across long-term periodized training periods in different basketball populations. The analysis of short-term training periods showed that strength-hypertrophy training induced higher C levels compared to a non-exercising day, one-power training and one-endurance training session in female basketball players, while no changes were evident for T and IgA. Moreover, the analysis of salivary markers in response to small-sided games (SSGs) documented a large-to-moderate increase in alpha-amylase (AA) from pre- to post-SSG and inconsistent results of C and T across differently designed SSGs. The current results provide a detailed description of salivary marker changes in response to different basketball long- and short-term training periods, which can help practitioners in designing sound training programmes to optimize players' fitness and health status across different phases of the season.
在不同篮球人群的长期和短期篮球训练的不同模式下，唾液标志物的变化已得到大量评估。本文旨在系统回顾评估长期和短期训练期后篮球运动中唾液标志物变化的文献。在PubMed、SPORTDiscus、Scopus和Web of Science上完成了对截至2020年10月发表的文章的电子数据库搜索。然后使用预定义的选择标准对研究进行筛选和选择，共识别出1080篇文章。去除690篇重复文章后，纳入390篇文章进行筛选，其中有15篇文章符合纳入标准。主要研究结果显示，睾酮（T）、皮质醇（C）或其比值（T:C）没有变化，而在不同篮球人群的长期周期性训练期间，免疫球蛋白A（IgA）和总蛋白（TP）水平的结果则相互矛盾。短期训练期的分析表明，与非运动日、一次力量训练和一次耐力训练课相比，力量-肥大训练在女性篮球运动员中诱导出更高的C水平，而T和IgA没有明显变化。此外，对小场地比赛（SSG）反应的唾液标志物分析表明，从SSG前到SSG后，α-淀粉酶（AA）有大幅度到中等程度的增加，并且在不同设计的SSG中，C和T的结果不一致。目前的结果详细描述了唾液标志物对不同篮球长期和短期训练期的反应变化，这有助于从业者设计合理的训练计划，以在赛季的不同阶段优化运动员的体能和健康状况。
