Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 17;18(24):13334. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413334.
With the rise of drug misuse among workers in recent years, preliminary research on potential risk factors in the workplace of single-type of drug misuse has been reported. This is the first study to examine cross-sectional associations of work stress, in terms of effort-reward imbalance, with multiple drug misuse (including any drug misuse, opioid misuse, sedatives misuse, cannabis misuse, and other drug misuse) during the past 12 months in a national sample of U.S. workers. Data of 2211 workers were derived from the nationally representative and population-based Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Internal consistency reliability and factorial validity of a 17-item effort-reward imbalance measure were robust and satisfactory. After adjustment for relevant covariates, logistic regression analyses showed that workers experiencing effort-reward imbalance at work had significantly higher odds of any drug misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.18 (1.03, 1.37)), especially opioid misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.35 (1.07, 1.69)) and other drug misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.36 (1.01, 1.83)). The findings suggest that a stressful work environment may act as a determinant of drug misuse, and further prospective evidence is needed.
近年来，工人中药物滥用的现象有所增加，因此有初步研究报告了单一类型药物滥用的工作场所中的潜在风险因素。这是第一项研究，旨在检验美国全国性工人样本中，过去 12 个月内工作压力（以努力-回报失衡的形式）与多种药物滥用（包括任何药物滥用、阿片类药物滥用、镇静剂滥用、大麻滥用和其他药物滥用）之间的横断面关联。2211 名工人的数据来自具有全国代表性和基于人群的美国中年（MIDUS）研究。17 项努力-回报失衡措施的内部一致性可靠性和因子有效性是稳健且令人满意的。在调整了相关协变量后，逻辑回归分析表明，工作中经历努力-回报失衡的工人有更高的多种药物滥用（OR 和 95%CI=1.18（1.03，1.37）），尤其是阿片类药物滥用（OR 和 95%CI=1.35（1.07，1.69））和其他药物滥用（OR 和 95%CI=1.36（1.01，1.83））的几率。研究结果表明，压力大的工作环境可能是药物滥用的决定因素，还需要进一步的前瞻性证据。
