Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 19;18(24):13384. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413384.
(1) : we aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity on cognitive functions and deficits of healthy population and other needy groups. Secondly, we investigated the relation between healthy habits and psychopathological risks. Finally, we investigated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on exercise addiction and possible associated disorders. (2) : From April 2021 to October 2021, we conducted a review aimed at identifying the effects of physical exercise on mental health, from cognitive improvements to risk of addiction; we searched for relevant studies on PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINHAL. (3) : For the first purpose, results indicated multiple effects such as better precision and response speed in information processing tasks on healthy populations; improvement of executive functions, cognitive flexibility and school performance in children; improvement of attention and executive functions and less hyperactivity and impulsiveness on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); improvement of executive and global functions on adults; improvement of overall cognitive functioning on patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder. Data also demonstrated that exercise addiction seems to be related to low levels of education, low self-esteem, eating disorders and body dysmorphisms. Eventually, it was found that people with lower traits and intolerance of uncertainty show a strong association between COVID-19 anxiety and compulsive exercise and eating disorder. (4) : these findings underline on one side the beneficial effects of physical activity on cognitive function in healthy individuals in a preventive and curative key, while on the other side the importance of an adequate evaluation of psychological distress and personality characteristics associated with exercise addiction.
(1) ：我们旨在研究身体活动对健康人群和其他有需要群体的认知功能和缺陷的影响。其次，我们研究了健康习惯与精神病理风险之间的关系。最后，我们研究了 COVID-19 大流行对运动成瘾和可能相关障碍的影响。
(2) ：从 2021 年 4 月到 2021 年 10 月，我们进行了一项综述，旨在确定身体锻炼对心理健康的影响，从认知改善到成瘾风险；我们在 PubMed、Web of Science、EMBASE、PsycINFO 和 CINHAL 上搜索了相关研究。
(3) ：对于第一个目的，结果表明，在健康人群中，身体活动有多种影响，例如在信息处理任务中的精度和反应速度提高；改善儿童的执行功能、认知灵活性和学习成绩；改善注意力和执行功能，减少多动和冲动，注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童；改善成年人大脑执行和全局功能；改善精神分裂症谱系障碍或双相情感障碍患者的整体认知功能。数据还表明，运动成瘾似乎与教育程度低、自尊心低、饮食障碍和身体畸形有关。最终发现，特质和不确定性容忍度较低的人，COVID-19 焦虑与强迫性运动和饮食障碍之间存在强烈关联。
(4) ：这些发现一方面强调了身体活动对健康个体认知功能的有益影响，在预防和治疗方面都具有重要意义，另一方面也强调了对与运动成瘾相关的心理困扰和人格特征进行充分评估的重要性。
