Kryukov A A, Gorbunova A O, Kudriashova T R, Yakhin O I, Lubyanov A A, Malikov U M, Shishova M F, Kozhemyakov A P, Yurkov A P
All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2021 Nov;25(7):754-760. doi: 10.18699/VJ21.086.
Plant sugar transporters play an essential role in the organism's productivity by carrying out carbohydrate transportation from source cells in the leaves to sink cells in the cortex. In addition, they aid in the regulation of a substantial part of the exchange of nutrients with microorganisms in the rhizosphere (bacteria and fungi), an ty essential to the formation of symbiotic relationships. This review pays special attention to carbohydrate nutrition during the development of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), a symbiosis of plants with fungi from the Glomeromycotina subdivision. This relationship results in the host plant receiving micronutrients from the mycosymbiont, mainly phosphorus, and the fungus receiving carbon assimilation products in return. While the eff icient nutrient transport pathways in AM symbiosis are yet to be discovered, SWEET sugar transporters are one of the three key families of plant carbohydrate transporters. Specif ic AM symbiosis transporters can be identif ied among the SWEET proteins. The survey provides data on the study history, structure and localization, phylogeny and functions of the SWEET proteins. A high variability of both the SWEET proteins themselves and their functions is noted along with the fact that the same proteins may perform different functions in different plants. A special role is given to the SWEET transporters in AM development. SWEET transporters can also play a key role in abiotic stress tolerance, thus allowing plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. The development of knowledge about symbiotic systems will contribute to the creation of microbial preparations for use in agriculture in the Russian Federation.
植物糖转运蛋白通过将碳水化合物从叶片中的源细胞运输到皮层中的库细胞，在生物体的生产力中发挥着至关重要的作用。此外，它们有助于调节根际（细菌和真菌）中与微生物进行的大部分养分交换，这对于共生关系的形成至关重要。本综述特别关注丛枝菌根（AM）发育过程中的碳水化合物营养，AM是植物与球囊霉亚门真菌的共生关系。这种关系使得宿主植物从真菌共生体中获得微量营养素，主要是磷，而真菌则获得碳同化产物作为回报。虽然AM共生中高效的养分运输途径尚未被发现，但SWEET糖转运蛋白是植物碳水化合物转运蛋白的三个关键家族之一。在SWEET蛋白中可以鉴定出特定的AM共生转运蛋白。该综述提供了关于SWEET蛋白的研究历史、结构与定位、系统发育和功能的数据。人们注意到SWEET蛋白本身及其功能具有高度变异性，并且相同的蛋白在不同植物中可能执行不同的功能。SWEET转运蛋白在AM发育中具有特殊作用。SWEET转运蛋白在非生物胁迫耐受性方面也可能发挥关键作用，从而使植物能够适应不利的环境条件。对共生系统知识的深入了解将有助于在俄罗斯联邦开发用于农业的微生物制剂。
