Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro, México.
Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México.
J Food Sci. 2022 Jan;87(1):370-382. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.16003. Epub 2021 Dec 26.
To estimate human exposure to Salmonella enterica, it is essential to understand the pathogen distribution and characteristics. Prevalence and concentration of S. enterica were determined in mango, tomato, and raw chicken samples purchased in three states (Aguascalientes, Querétaro, and Guadalajara) located in the central region of Mexico during two seasons. In addition, S. enterica isolates were characterized by absence/presence of 13 virulence genes (chromosomal, prophage, and plasmid) and resistance to 14 antibiotics. A total of 300 samples of mango, 272 of tomato, and 354 of raw chicken were analyzed. The mean of the prevalence (24.9%) and concentration (-0.61 Log MPN/g) of S. enterica in chicken was higher than in mango (1.3%, -1.7 Log MPN/g) and tomato (1.1%, -1.7 Log MPN). Among S. enterica isolates (284), there were 7 different virulotypes, belonging 68.7% of isolates to V2; there was high variability in the presence of mobile genetic elements. The occurrence of specific mobile elements ranged from 81.4% to 11.3% among isolates. Among the isolates, 91.5% were resistant to at least one antibiotic with ampicillin being the most frequent; 54.9% of isolates were multidrug resistant. Data from this study can be used for quantitative microbial risk assessment of S. enterica related to mango, tomato, and raw chicken consumption in the central region of Mexico. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Data on the prevalence and concentration of Salmonella enterica obtained in this study can be used to estimate the exposure assessment for the consumption of mango, tomato, and chicken in the central region of Mexico. In addition, the characteristics of the S. enterica isolates could be used to select representative strains for future studies to evaluate the intraspecies variability.
为了估计人类接触沙门氏菌的情况，了解病原体的分布和特征至关重要。本研究在墨西哥中部的三个州（阿瓜斯卡连特斯州、克雷塔罗州和瓜达拉哈拉州）的两个季节中，对从市场购买的芒果、番茄和生鸡肉样本进行了沙门氏菌的流行率和浓度检测。此外，还对沙门氏菌分离株进行了 13 种毒力基因（染色体、噬菌体和质粒）的缺失/存在情况和对 14 种抗生素的耐药性特征分析。共分析了 300 份芒果样本、272 份番茄样本和 354 份生鸡肉样本。鸡肉中沙门氏菌的流行率（24.9%）和浓度（-0.61 Log MPN/g）平均值均高于芒果（1.3%，-1.7 Log MPN/g）和番茄（1.1%，-1.7 Log MPN/g）。在所检测的 284 株沙门氏菌分离株中，有 7 种不同的毒力型，其中 68.7%属于 V2 型；移动遗传元件的存在存在高度变异性。特定移动元件的出现率在分离株中从 81.4%到 11.3%不等。在所检测的分离株中，91.5%至少对一种抗生素耐药，其中氨苄西林最常见；54.9%的分离株为多药耐药。本研究的数据可用于对墨西哥中部地区与食用芒果、番茄和生鸡肉相关的沙门氏菌进行定量微生物风险评估。实际应用：本研究中获得的沙门氏菌流行率和浓度数据可用于估计墨西哥中部地区食用芒果、番茄和鸡肉的暴露评估。此外，沙门氏菌分离株的特征可用于选择代表性菌株，用于未来评估种内变异性的研究。
