Mia Md Tuhin, Talukder Mohammad Mahbub Alam, Ali Md Mokshead, Ismael Md
Institute of Social Welfare and Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Accident Research Institute (ARI), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
J Smok Cessat. 2021 Dec 13;2021:1354885. doi: 10.1155/2021/1354885. eCollection 2021.
Tobacco use is a significant health concern in Southeast Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, where the greatest incidence of tobacco consumption occurs in a number of forms smoking, smokeless, and indigenous. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) requires tobacco product packaging to include adequate health warnings (text and visual). The study's objective is to investigate the effects of graphic health warnings on tobacco packs among Bangladeshi low socioeconomic groups. . Cross-sectional study.
The study was conducted with 400 participants (low socioeconomic people) by using the systematic sampling technique through a semistructured questionnaire in Demra and Tongi industrial areas of Dhaka city in Bangladesh during September 2019-November 2020. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential analysis (i.e., chi-square tests) were performed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0) to explore the relationship between the graphic warning and the use of tobacco.
This study illustrates that 89% of respondents smoke only cigarette or , where 95.1% were daily smokers. About 72.2% reported pictorial warning message was more understandable while 90.8% reported the existing text warnings explicitly visualize the health harms. It has been found that there was a significant association between the respondent's opinion on the text warning that encouraged the respondent to quit tobacco use and the text messages "smoking causes throat and lung cancer" ( < 0.001) and "smoking causes respiratory problems" ( < 0.001). Around 96.7% knew about the graphic health warnings on the cigarette packets where 99.2% reported graphic warning explicitly visualizes the health harms. In graphical warnings, text messages have a great influence on quitting smoking where "smoking causes throat and lung cancer" ( < 0.001) and "smoking causes stroke" ( < 0.001). Nearly 79.2% of respondents thought the color of the graphic warning should be "Red" and a significant association between the color and the education level of the respondents explored here ( < 0.05).
GHWs are more understandable on tobacco packets, and it has significant impacts on being aware of health consequences from tobacco consumption.
烟草使用是东南亚地区一个重大的健康问题，尤其是在孟加拉国，该国烟草消费发生率最高，形式多样，包括吸烟、无烟烟草和土产烟草。世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》（FCTC）要求烟草产品包装包含适当的健康警示（文字和图形）。本研究的目的是调查图形健康警示对孟加拉国低社会经济群体烟草包装的影响。横断面研究。
2019年9月至2020年11月期间，在孟加拉国达卡市的德姆拉和通吉工业区，通过系统抽样技术，使用半结构化问卷对400名参与者（低社会经济地位人群）进行了研究。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS 25.0版）进行描述性统计（频率、百分比、均值和标准差）和推断性分析（即卡方检验），以探讨图形警示与烟草使用之间的关系。
本研究表明，89%的受访者仅吸烟或使用其他烟草制品，其中95.1%为每日吸烟者。约72.2%的受访者表示图形警示信息更易理解，而90.8%的受访者表示现有的文字警示明确地呈现了健康危害。研究发现，受访者对鼓励其戒烟的文字警示的看法与“吸烟导致咽喉和肺癌”（<0.001）以及“吸烟导致呼吸问题”（<0.001）这两条文字信息之间存在显著关联。约96.7%的人知道香烟包装上的图形健康警示，其中99.2%的人表示图形警示明确地呈现了健康危害。在图形警示中，文字信息对戒烟有很大影响，如“吸烟导致咽喉和肺癌”（<0.001）以及“吸烟导致中风”（<0.001）。近79.2%的受访者认为图形警示的颜色应为“红色”，并且在此探讨了颜色与受访者教育水平之间的显著关联（<0.05）。
图形健康警示在烟草包装上更易理解，并且对人们认识烟草消费的健康后果有重大影响。
