Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 16;13(12):4508. doi: 10.3390/nu13124508.
Postmenopausal breast cancer is the most common obesity-related cancer death among women in the U.S. Insulin resistance, which worsens in the setting of obesity, is associated with higher breast cancer incidence and mortality. Maladaptive eating patterns driving insulin resistance represent a key modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that time-restricted feeding paradigms (TRF) improve cancer-related metabolic risk factors; however, more flexible approaches could be more feasible and effective. In this exploratory, secondary analysis, we identified participants following a low-glucose eating pattern (LGEP), defined as consuming energy when glucose levels are at or below average fasting levels, as an alternative to TRF. Results show that following an LGEP regimen for at least 40% of reported eating events improves insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and other cancer-related serum biomarkers. The magnitude of serum biomarkers changes observed here has previously been shown to favorably modulate benign breast tissue in women with overweight and obesity who are at risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. By comparison, the observed effects of LGEP were similar to results from previously published TRF studies in similar populations. These preliminary findings support further testing of LGEP as an alternative to TRF and a postmenopausal breast cancer prevention strategy. However, results should be interpreted with caution, given the exploratory nature of analyses.
绝经后乳腺癌是美国女性中最常见的与肥胖相关的癌症死亡原因。胰岛素抵抗在肥胖的情况下会恶化，与更高的乳腺癌发病率和死亡率相关。导致胰岛素抵抗的不良进食模式代表了乳腺癌的一个关键可改变的风险因素。新出现的证据表明，限时进食模式（TRF）可以改善与癌症相关的代谢风险因素；然而，更灵活的方法可能更可行和有效。在这项探索性的二次分析中，我们确定了遵循低血糖进食模式（LGEP）的参与者，该模式定义为在血糖水平处于或低于平均空腹水平时摄入能量，作为 TRF 的替代方法。结果表明，至少遵循 LGEP 方案 40%的报告进食事件可改善胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）和其他与癌症相关的血清生物标志物。这里观察到的血清生物标志物变化的幅度以前曾显示出有利于调节超重和肥胖且有绝经后乳腺癌风险的女性良性乳腺组织。相比之下，LGEP 的观察到的效果与先前在类似人群中发表的 TRF 研究的结果相似。这些初步发现支持进一步测试 LGEP 作为 TRF 的替代方法和绝经后乳腺癌预防策略。然而，鉴于分析的探索性质，结果应谨慎解释。
