Falco Alberto, Bello-Perez Melissa, Díaz-Puertas Rocío, Mold Matthew, Adamek Mikolaj
Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology in Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain.
The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Dec 7;9(12):1441. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9121441.
Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) caused by the nervous necrosis virus (NNV) affects a broad range of primarily marine fish species, with mass mortality rates often seen among larvae and juveniles. Its genetic diversification may hinder the effective implementation of preventive measures such as vaccines. The present study describes different inactivation procedures for developing an inactivated vaccine against a new NNV isolate confirmed to possess deadly effects upon the European seabass (), an important Mediterranean farmed fish species that is highly susceptible to this disease. First, an NNV isolate from seabass adults diagnosed with VNN was rescued and the sequences of its two genome segments (RNA1 and RNA2) were classified into the red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) genotype, closely clustering to the highly pathogenic 283.2009 isolate. The testing of different inactivation procedures revealed that the virus particles of this isolate showed a marked resistance to heat (for at least 60 °C for 120 min with and without 1% BSA) but that they were fully inactivated by 3 mJ/cm UV-C irradiation and 24 h 0.2% formalin treatment, which stood out as promising NNV-inactivation procedures for potential vaccine candidates. Therefore, these procedures are feasible, effective, and rapid response strategies for VNN control in aquaculture.
由神经坏死病毒（NNV）引起的病毒性神经坏死（VNN）影响着广泛的主要海洋鱼类物种，在幼鱼和稚鱼中经常出现大量死亡情况。其基因多样性可能会阻碍诸如疫苗等预防措施的有效实施。本研究描述了针对一种新的NNV分离株开发灭活疫苗的不同灭活程序，该分离株经证实对欧洲鲈鱼（一种重要的地中海养殖鱼类物种，对这种疾病高度易感）具有致命影响。首先，从诊断患有VNN的鲈鱼成体中拯救出一种NNV分离株，并将其两个基因组片段（RNA1和RNA2）的序列归类为红斑石斑鱼NNV（RGNNV）基因型，与高致病性的283.2009分离株紧密聚类。对不同灭活程序的测试表明，该分离株的病毒颗粒对热具有显著抗性（在有和没有1%牛血清白蛋白的情况下，至少在60°C下120分钟），但它们可通过3 mJ/cm的UV-C照射和24小时0.2%福尔马林处理完全灭活，这作为潜在疫苗候选物的有前景的NNV灭活程序脱颖而出。因此，这些程序是水产养殖中控制VNN的可行、有效且快速的应对策略。
