Stefan Daniela Simina, Bosomoiu Magdalena, Constantinescu Rodica Roxana, Ignat Madalina
Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI) Division, National Research & Development Institute for Textiles and Leather, 93 Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Dec 12;13(24):4351. doi: 10.3390/polym13244351.
The leather industry is facing important environmental issues related to waste disposal. The waste generated during the tanning process is an important resource of protein (mainly collagen) which can be extracted and reused in different applications (e.g., medical, agricultural, leather industry). On the other side, the utilization of chemical fertilizers must be decreased because of the negative effects associated to an extensive use of conventional chemical fertilizers. This review presents current research trends, challenges and future perspectives with respect to the use of hide waste to produce composite polymers that are further transformed in smart fertilizers. Hide waste contains mostly protein (collagen that is a natural polymer), that is extracted to be used in the cross-linking with water soluble copolymers to obtain the hydrogels which are further valorised as smart fertilizers. Smart fertilizers are a new class of fertilizers which allow the controlled release of the nutrients in synchronization with the plant's demands. Characteristics of hide and leather wastes are pointed out. The fabrication methods of smart fertilizers and the mechanisms for the nutrients release are extensively discussed. This novel method is in agreement with the circular economy concepts and solves, on one side, the problem of hide waste disposal, and on the other side produces smart fertilizers that can successfully replace conventional chemical fertilizers.
皮革行业面临着与废物处理相关的重要环境问题。鞣制过程中产生的废物是蛋白质（主要是胶原蛋白）的重要来源，可从中提取并用于不同应用（如医疗、农业、皮革行业）。另一方面，由于大量使用传统化肥会产生负面影响，必须减少化肥的使用。本综述介绍了利用皮革废料生产复合聚合物并将其进一步转化为智能肥料的当前研究趋势、挑战和未来前景。皮革废料主要含有蛋白质（胶原蛋白，一种天然聚合物），将其提取出来用于与水溶性共聚物交联以获得水凝胶，这些水凝胶可进一步用作智能肥料。智能肥料是一类新型肥料，能够根据植物需求同步控制养分释放。文中指出了皮革和皮革废料的特性。广泛讨论了智能肥料的制备方法和养分释放机制。这种新方法符合循环经济理念，一方面解决了皮革废料的处理问题，另一方面生产出能够成功替代传统化肥的智能肥料。
