Shanmugavel Divya, Rusyn Iryna, Solorza-Feria Omar, Kamaraj Sathish-Kumar
Programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, CINVESTAV - IPN, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Group, A. Postal 14-760, 07360 CDMX, Mexico.
Department of Ecology and Sustainable Environmental Management, Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stepan Bandera St., 12, Lviv, 79013, Ukraine.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 15;904:166729. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166729. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
Agriculture will face the issue of ensuring food security for a growing global population without compromising environmental security as demand for the world's food systems increases in the next decades. To provide enough food and reduce the harmful effects of chemical fertilization and improper disposal or reusing of agricultural wastes on the environment, will be required to apply current technologies in agroecosystems. Combining biotechnology and nanotechnology has the potential to transform agricultural practices and offer answers to both immediate and long-term issues. This review study seeks to identify, categorize, and characterize the so-called smart fertilizers as the future frontier of sustainable agriculture. The conventional fertilizer and smart fertilizers in general are covered in the first section of this review. Another key barrier preventing the widespread use of smart fertilizers in agriculture is the high cost of materials. Nevertheless, smart fertilizers are widely represented on the world market and are actively used in farms that have already switched to sustainable technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of various raw materials used to create smart fertilizers, with a focus on inorganic and organic materials, synthetic and natural polymers, along with their physical and chemical preparation processes, are contrasted in the following sections. The rate and the mechanism of release are covered. The purpose of this study is to provide a deep understanding of the advancements in smart fertilizers during the last ten years. Trends are also recognized and studied to provide insight for upcoming agricultural research projects.
在未来几十年，随着全球对粮食系统的需求增加，农业将面临在不损害环境安全的前提下确保不断增长的全球人口粮食安全的问题。为了提供足够的食物，并减少化肥施用以及农业废弃物不当处置或再利用对环境的有害影响，需要在农业生态系统中应用现有技术。将生物技术和纳米技术相结合，有潜力改变农业实践，并为近期和长期问题提供解决方案。本综述研究旨在识别、分类和描述所谓的智能肥料，将其作为可持续农业的未来前沿领域。本综述的第一部分涵盖了传统肥料和一般意义上的智能肥料。阻碍智能肥料在农业中广泛应用的另一个关键障碍是材料成本高昂。尽管如此，智能肥料在世界市场上广泛存在，并在已经转向可持续技术的农场中得到积极应用。接下来的部分对比了用于制造智能肥料的各种原材料的优缺点，重点关注无机和有机材料、合成和天然聚合物，以及它们的物理和化学制备过程。还涵盖了释放速率和释放机制。本研究的目的是深入了解过去十年智能肥料的进展情况。同时也识别和研究相关趋势，为即将开展的农业研究项目提供见解。
