Olego Miguel Ángel, Quiroga Miguel Javier, López Roberto, Garzón-Jimeno Enrique
Research Institute of Vine and Wine, Universidad de León, Avenida de Portugal, 41, CP 24071 León, Spain.
Physical Chemistry Area, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, CP 24071 León, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 27;10(12):2605. doi: 10.3390/plants10122605.
Aluminium phytotoxicity is considered the main limiting factor for crop productivity in agricultural acid soils. Liming is a common practice used to improve acidic soil properties, but an appropriate liming material is essential for both agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. A long-term field experiment with two liming amendments (dolomitic limestone and limestone) was developed during 10 years to determine the changes in soil acidity and assess the effects on crop (rye) yields. Although the adverse effects of the soil acidity conditions were alleviated with both amendments tested, dolomitic limestone was the most effective in the short- and long-term period. In terms of the saturation of exchange complex, dolomitic limestone had a better efficiency, likely based on its rate of dissolution. No significant changes in soil organic matter and exchangeable potassium levels between the treatments tested were found. Both liming materials significantly increased the rye total biomass, but interestingly, significant correlations were showed between tissue levels of magnesium and biomass production, but not between the latter and calcium. The increases in rye biomass production compared with control soils at the end of the research were the following: dolomitic limestone, 47%, and limestone, 32%. A link between an increase in magnesium bioavailability and biomass production was found, as well as between magnesium rye content and total, spike and stem biomass. Hence, it could conceivably be hypothesized that since magnesium is crucial for the transport of assimilates from source leaves to sink organs, alleviating its deficiency leads to avoiding the reducing growth rate of sink organs. Although further investigations are needed to gain a better understanding of liming on the biological, chemical and physical soil properties in the long term, our research provides support for the conceptual premise that an appropriate selection of liming material is crucial for the productivity of acid soils.
铝毒被认为是农业酸性土壤中作物生产力的主要限制因素。施用石灰是改善酸性土壤性质的常见做法，但合适的石灰材料对于农业生产力和环境可持续性都至关重要。开展了一项为期10年的长期田间试验，使用两种石灰改良剂（白云石和石灰石）来确定土壤酸度的变化并评估对作物（黑麦）产量的影响。尽管所测试的两种改良剂都缓解了土壤酸度条件的不利影响，但白云石在短期和长期内都是最有效的。就交换性复合体的饱和度而言，白云石的效率更高，这可能基于其溶解速率。在所测试的处理之间，未发现土壤有机质和交换性钾水平有显著变化。两种石灰材料都显著增加了黑麦的总生物量，但有趣的是，镁的组织水平与生物量生产之间存在显著相关性，而与钙之间则没有。在研究结束时，与对照土壤相比，黑麦生物量生产的增加情况如下：白云石为47%，石灰石为32%。发现镁生物有效性的增加与生物量生产之间存在联系，以及黑麦中的镁含量与总生物量、穗生物量和茎生物量之间也存在联系。因此，可以设想这样一个假设，即由于镁对于同化物从源叶向库器官的运输至关重要，缓解其缺乏会避免库器官生长速率的降低。尽管需要进一步研究以更好地长期了解石灰对土壤生物学、化学和物理性质的影响，但我们的研究为这样一个概念前提提供了支持，即合适的石灰材料选择对于酸性土壤的生产力至关重要。
