Kraus Christian, Abou-Ammar Rada, Schubert Andreas, Fischer Michael
Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany.
Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Dec 14;10(12):2765. doi: 10.3390/plants10122765.
In organic viticulture, copper-based fungicides are commonly used to suppress Downy Mildew infection, caused by the oomycete . However, the frequent and intensive use of such fungicides leads to accumulation of the heavy metal in soil and nearby waters with adverse effects on the ecosystem. Therefore, alternative, organic fungicides against Downy Mildew are urgently needed to reduce the copper load in vineyards. In this study, the use of Sprague (Family Canellacea) leaf and bark extracts as potential fungicides against Downy Mildew were evaluated. In vitro (microtiter) and in vivo (leaf discs, seedlings) tests were conducted, as well as field trials to determine the efficacy of the extracts against Downy Mildew. The results revealed an MIC of 500 µg/mL for the leaf extract and 5 µg/mL for the bark extract. Furthermore, experiments with leaf discs and seedlings demonstrated a strong protective effect of the extracts for up to 48 h under (semi-) controlled conditions. However, in field trials the efficacy of the extracts distinctly declined, regardless of the extracts' origin and concentration.
在有机葡萄栽培中，铜基杀菌剂常用于抑制由卵菌引起的霜霉病感染。然而，频繁且大量使用此类杀菌剂会导致重金属在土壤和附近水域中积累，对生态系统产生不利影响。因此，迫切需要替代的有机霜霉病杀菌剂，以减少葡萄园中的铜负荷。在本研究中，评估了使用斯普拉格（番荔枝科）叶和树皮提取物作为潜在的霜霉病杀菌剂。进行了体外（微量滴定板）和体内（叶盘、幼苗）试验，以及田间试验，以确定提取物对霜霉病的防治效果。结果显示，叶提取物的最低抑菌浓度为500微克/毫升，树皮提取物为5微克/毫升。此外，叶盘和幼苗实验表明，在（半）控制条件下，提取物具有长达48小时的强保护作用。然而，在田间试验中，无论提取物的来源和浓度如何，其防治效果都明显下降。
