Institute for Plant Protection, Department of Phytomedicine, State Education and Research Center of Viticulture, Horticulture and Rural Development (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Neustadt/Weinstraße, Germany.
Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Department of Plant Pathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Pest Manag Sci. 2022 Aug;78(8):3266-3276. doi: 10.1002/ps.6951. Epub 2022 May 19.
Copper-containing fungicides are applied broadly in organic viticulture against downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola. Although long-term application of copper-based fungicides is associated with ecotoxic effects on the environment, their use in viticulture is required until sustainable alternatives are available. Trichoderma spp. might be a promising approach to fungicide reduction while promoting plant growth and development and displaying biocontrol activity. This study aims to examine the tolerance and compatibility of Trichoderma spp. to copper fungicides. This work contributes to the development of a spray application consisting of a copper-tolerant Trichoderma sp. combined with a downscaled copper fungicide rate against P. viticola.
Trichoderma spp. isolated from grapevine wood in vineyards were identified and used for tolerance screening in various concentrations of copper fungicides. Copper hydroxide was identified as being highly compatible with Trichoderma. Two Trichoderma candidates, T. koningiopsis and T. harzianum, showed high copper tolerance in mycelial growth and germination tests, and were adapted to 2.85 g Cu L of the selected fungicide. Microscopic investigations showed the attachment of copper compounds to fungal cell walls and copper uptake within the cytoplasm. In the case of high tolerance, large-scale copper uptake was prevented.
Our findings identified two highly copper-tolerant Trichoderma isolates with natural adaptation to the vineyard ecosystem, which could be further tested as biostimulants and biocontrol agents, combined with a reduced fungicide rate for sustainable plant protection. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
含铜杀菌剂在有机葡萄种植中广泛用于防治由葡萄霜霉病菌引起的霜霉病。尽管长期使用铜基杀菌剂会对环境产生生态毒性效应，但在可持续替代品出现之前，仍需要在葡萄种植中使用这些杀菌剂。木霉属真菌可能是减少杀菌剂使用的一种有前景的方法，同时还能促进植物的生长和发育，并具有生物防治活性。本研究旨在研究木霉属真菌对铜杀菌剂的耐受性和相容性。这项工作有助于开发一种喷雾应用，该应用由耐铜的木霉属真菌与针对葡萄霜霉病菌的铜杀菌剂缩编剂量组成。
从葡萄园葡萄藤木材中分离出的木霉属真菌被鉴定出来，并用于在不同浓度的铜杀菌剂中进行耐受性筛选。氢氧化铜被确定为与木霉属真菌高度相容。两种木霉候选菌株，T. koningiopsis 和 T. harzianum，在菌丝生长和萌发试验中表现出较高的铜耐受性，并适应了所选杀菌剂 2.85gCuL。显微镜研究表明，铜化合物附着在真菌细胞壁上，铜被吸收到细胞质中。在高耐受性的情况下，阻止了大量铜的吸收。
我们的研究结果确定了两种具有天然适应葡萄园生态系统的高耐铜木霉属真菌分离株，它们可以进一步作为生物刺激素和生物防治剂进行测试，与降低的杀菌剂剂量结合使用，以实现可持续的植物保护。 © 2022 英国化学学会。
