Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
Clinical Ecotoxicology (diagnostic and Research) Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
Urol Oncol. 2022 Mar;40(3):111.e11-111.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.017. Epub 2021 Dec 24.
Trace elements and/or heavy metals are important for various biological activities. However, excess amount of these elements is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer. We aimed to analyse the alterations of trace elements levels in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients.
In this observational study, patients with biopsy proven RCC were taken as study group while age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were taken as control. Blood and urine samples were compared for Arsenic (As), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Selenium (Se), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) levels measured by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectroscopy. Serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were assessed to know the redox status between 2 groups.
A total of 76 RCC cases and 64 controls were recruited in the study. A significantly higher concentration of As, Cu, Mn, Cd, Pb and Hg were observed in the blood of RCC patients as compared to controls. However, blood Se level was significantly lower in RCC patients. In 33 (43.4%) patients, one or more heavy metals were higher in the blood above their permitted level as compared to 10 (15.6%) subjects in control group. RCC patients had a higher urinary Mn and Se levels compared to controls. A significantly lower GSH-Px (182.08 ± 132.91 vs. 236.95 ± 132.94, P = 0.04) and a higher LPO levels (26.02 ± 20.79 vs. 14.06 ± 8.44, P = 0.003) were noted in RCC patients than controls. SOD levels were comparable between two groups.
A significantly altered heavy metals concentration is noted in the blood and urine in RCC patients as compared to healthy controls. An associated lower levels of GSH-Px antioxidant enzyme and increased LPO in RCC patients signifies an imbalance in the redox status.
微量元素和/或重金属对各种生物活性很重要。然而，这些元素的过量会导致多种疾病，包括癌症。我们旨在分析肾细胞癌（RCC）患者微量元素水平的变化。
在这项观察性研究中，将经活检证实患有 RCC 的患者作为研究组，同时选择年龄和性别匹配的健康志愿者作为对照组。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法比较血液和尿液样本中的砷（As）、铜（Cu）、锰（Mn）、硒（Se）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）和汞（Hg）水平。评估血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）抗氧化酶和脂质过氧化（LPO）水平，以了解两组之间的氧化还原状态。
本研究共纳入 76 例 RCC 病例和 64 例对照。与对照组相比，RCC 患者血液中的 As、Cu、Mn、Cd、Pb 和 Hg 浓度明显升高。然而，RCC 患者的血液 Se 水平明显较低。在 33 名（43.4%）患者中，与对照组 10 名（15.6%）受试者相比，一种或多种重金属的血液水平超过允许水平。与对照组相比，RCC 患者的尿 Mn 和 Se 水平较高。与对照组相比，RCC 患者的 GSH-Px（182.08 ± 132.91 vs. 236.95 ± 132.94，P = 0.04）水平显著降低，LPO 水平升高（26.02 ± 20.79 vs. 14.06 ± 8.44，P = 0.003）。两组 SOD 水平相当。
与健康对照组相比，RCC 患者的血液和尿液中重金属浓度明显改变。RCC 患者 GSH-Px 抗氧化酶水平降低和 LPO 增加表明氧化还原状态失衡。
