Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy.
Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council (ISTI-CNR), Pisa, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 27;11(1):24452. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04139-1.
Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs), aimed at reducing the diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, have dramatically influenced our everyday behaviour. In this work, we study how individuals adapted their daily movements and person-to-person contact patterns over time in response to the NPIs. We leverage longitudinal GPS mobility data of hundreds of thousands of anonymous individuals to empirically show and quantify the dramatic disruption in people's mobility habits and social behaviour. We find that local interventions did not just impact the number of visits to different venues but also how people experience them. Individuals spend less time in venues, preferring simpler and more predictable routines, also reducing person-to-person contacts. Moreover, we find that the individual patterns of visits are influenced by the strength of the NPIs policies, the local severity of the pandemic and a risk adaptation factor, which increases the people's mobility regardless of the stringency of interventions. Finally, despite the gradual recovery in visit patterns, we find that individuals continue to keep person-to-person contacts low. This apparent conflict hints that the evolution of policy adherence should be carefully addressed by policymakers, epidemiologists and mobility experts.
非药物干预（NPIs）旨在减少 COVID-19 大流行的传播，极大地影响了我们的日常生活行为。在这项工作中，我们研究了个人如何随着时间的推移适应日常活动和人际接触模式，以应对 NPI。我们利用数十万匿名个人的纵向 GPS 移动数据，从经验上展示和量化了人们在移动习惯和社会行为方面的巨大变化。我们发现，局部干预不仅影响了人们访问不同场所的次数，还影响了他们对这些场所的体验。个人在场所中花费的时间减少，更喜欢简单和可预测的日常活动，同时减少了人际接触。此外，我们发现访问模式的个体差异受到 NPI 政策的力度、当地疫情的严重程度和风险适应因素的影响，这增加了人们的流动性，而与干预措施的严格程度无关。最后，尽管访问模式逐渐恢复，但我们发现个人仍然保持较低的人际接触。这种明显的冲突表明，政策制定者、流行病学家和移动专家应该谨慎处理政策遵守情况的演变。
