Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.
Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2022 Feb;64(2):564-591. doi: 10.1111/jipb.13206.
Photosynthesis started to evolve some 3.5 billion years ago CO is the substrate for photosynthesis and in the past 200-250 years, atmospheric levels have approximately doubled due to human industrial activities. However, this time span is not sufficient for adaptation mechanisms of photosynthesis to be evolutionarily manifested. Steep increases in human population, shortage of arable land and food, and climate change call for actions, now. Thanks to substantial research efforts and advances in the last century, basic knowledge of photosynthetic and primary metabolic processes can now be translated into strategies to optimize photosynthesis to its full potential in order to improve crop yields and food supply for the future. Many different approaches have been proposed in recent years, some of which have already proven successful in different crop species. Here, we summarize recent advances on modifications of the complex network of photosynthetic light reactions. These are the starting point of all biomass production and supply the energy equivalents necessary for downstream processes as well as the oxygen we breathe.
光合作用大约在 35 亿年前开始进化，CO 是光合作用的底物，在过去的 200-250 年中，由于人类的工业活动，大气水平大约翻了一番。然而，这段时间对于光合作用的适应机制的进化表现来说并不足够。人口的急剧增长、可耕地和粮食的短缺以及气候变化都需要立即采取行动。由于上个世纪的大量研究工作和进展，现在我们已经可以将光合作用和初级代谢过程的基础知识转化为优化光合作用的策略，以充分发挥其潜力，从而提高未来的作物产量和粮食供应。近年来已经提出了许多不同的方法，其中一些方法已经在不同的作物物种中证明是成功的。在这里，我们总结了近年来对光合作用光反应复杂网络进行修饰的最新进展。这些是所有生物质生产的起点，为下游过程提供了必要的能量等价物，以及我们呼吸的氧气。
