Cho Kyoung Won, Sunwoo Sung-Hyuk, Hong Yongseok Joseph, Koo Ja Hoon, Kim Jeong Hyun, Baik Seungmin, Hyeon Taeghwan, Kim Dae-Hyeong
Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Chem Rev. 2022 Mar 9;122(5):5068-5143. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00531. Epub 2021 Dec 28.
Recent advances in nanostructured materials and unconventional device designs have transformed the bioelectronics from a rigid and bulky form into a soft and ultrathin form and brought enormous advantages to the bioelectronics. For example, mechanical deformability of the soft bioelectronics and thus its conformal contact onto soft curved organs such as brain, heart, and skin have allowed researchers to measure high-quality biosignals, deliver real-time feedback treatments, and lower long-term side-effects . Here, we review various materials, fabrication methods, and device strategies for flexible and stretchable electronics, especially focusing on soft biointegrated electronics using nanomaterials and their composites. First, we summarize top-down material processing and bottom-up synthesis methods of various nanomaterials. Next, we discuss state-of-the-art technologies for intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites composed of nanostructured materials incorporated in elastomers or hydrogels. We also briefly discuss unconventional device design strategies for soft bioelectronics. Then individual device components for soft bioelectronics, such as biosensing, data storage, display, therapeutic stimulation, and power supply devices, are introduced. Afterward, representative application examples of the soft bioelectronics are described. A brief summary with a discussion on remaining challenges concludes the review.
纳米结构材料和非常规器件设计的最新进展，已将生物电子学从刚性和笨重的形式转变为柔软和超薄的形式，并给生物电子学带来了巨大优势。例如，柔软生物电子学的机械可变形性，以及因此使其与大脑、心脏和皮肤等柔软弯曲器官实现共形接触，使研究人员能够测量高质量生物信号、提供实时反馈治疗，并降低长期副作用。在此，我们综述了用于柔性和可拉伸电子器件的各种材料、制造方法和器件策略，尤其关注使用纳米材料及其复合材料的柔软生物集成电子器件。首先，我们总结了各种纳米材料的自上而下材料加工方法和自下而上合成方法。接下来，我们讨论了由纳入弹性体或水凝胶中的纳米结构材料组成的本征可拉伸纳米复合材料的前沿技术。我们还简要讨论了柔软生物电子学的非常规器件设计策略。然后介绍了柔软生物电子学的各个器件组件，如生物传感、数据存储、显示、治疗刺激和电源器件。之后，描述了柔软生物电子学的代表性应用实例。最后是简要总结，并讨论了剩余的挑战。
