Mishler Brent D, Churchill Steven P
Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham NC 27706.
New York Botanical Garden, Bronx NY 10458.
Cladistics. 1985 Sep;1(4):305-328. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1985.tb00431.x.
Abstract- Separate cladistic analyses of the green algae, liverworts, and hornworts are presented. Classificatory and evolutionary implications of these analyses, in addition to our previously published cladistic analyses of mosses and the embryophytes as a whole, are discussed. The embryophytes are monophyletic, and are part of a larger monophyletic group that includes some of the green algae (the "charophytes"). Important evolutionary transformations in the early phylogeny of the land plants include: (1) retention of the zygote on the haploid plant (gametophyte), with the sporophyte generation arising de novo by delaying meiosis, (2) independent elaboration of an elongate sporophyte in some liverworts, some hornworts, and in the moss-tracheophyte clade, (3) independent origin of radial (axial) symmetry in the gametophyte in some liverworts and in the moss-tracheophyte clade, (4) independent origin of leaves on the gametophyte in some liverworts and in mosses, and (5) the unique development of a branching sporophyte with multiple sporangia in the tracheophytes.
摘要——本文展示了对绿藻、地钱和角苔的单独分支分析。除了我们之前发表的对苔藓和整个有胚植物的分支分析外，还讨论了这些分析的分类学和进化意义。有胚植物是单系的，并且是一个更大的单系类群的一部分，该类群包括一些绿藻（“轮藻”）。陆地植物早期系统发育中的重要进化转变包括：（1）合子保留在单倍体植物（配子体）上，通过延迟减数分裂使孢子体世代重新产生；（2）在一些地钱、一些角苔以及苔藓 - 维管植物分支中独立形成伸长的孢子体；（3）在一些地钱和苔藓 - 维管植物分支中，配子体径向（轴向）对称的独立起源；（4）在一些地钱和苔藓中，配子体上叶的独立起源；（5）维管植物中具有多个孢子囊的分支孢子体的独特发育。
