CNRS GDR2073 ResaFlu, Groupement de Recherche sur les Virus Influenza, France.
CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.
PLoS Pathog. 2021 Dec 30;17(12):e1010106. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010106. eCollection 2021 Dec.
The development of safe and effective vaccines in a record time after the emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a remarkable achievement, partly based on the experience gained from multiple viral outbreaks in the past decades. However, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis also revealed weaknesses in the global pandemic response and large gaps that remain in our knowledge of the biology of coronaviruses (CoVs) and influenza viruses, the 2 major respiratory viruses with pandemic potential. Here, we review current knowns and unknowns of influenza viruses and CoVs, and we highlight common research challenges they pose in 3 areas: the mechanisms of viral emergence and adaptation to humans, the physiological and molecular determinants of disease severity, and the development of control strategies. We outline multidisciplinary approaches and technological innovations that need to be harnessed in order to improve preparedeness to the next pandemic.
在严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）出现后，在创纪录的时间内开发出安全有效的疫苗是一项非凡的成就，部分基于过去几十年多次病毒爆发中获得的经验。然而，2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）危机也暴露出全球大流行应对措施的弱点，以及我们对冠状病毒（CoV）和流感病毒生物学的了解仍存在很大差距，这两种病毒都具有大流行的潜力。在这里，我们回顾了流感病毒和 CoV 的现有已知和未知知识，并强调了它们在三个领域中提出的共同研究挑战：病毒出现和适应人类的机制、疾病严重程度的生理和分子决定因素以及控制策略的发展。我们概述了需要利用的多学科方法和技术创新，以提高对下一次大流行的准备程度。
