Osuna-Mascaró Antonio J, Auersperg Alice M I
Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Front Psychol. 2021 Dec 15;12:791398. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.791398. eCollection 2021.
Despite countless anecdotes and the historical significance of insight as a problem solving mechanism, its nature has long remained elusive. The conscious experience of insight is notoriously difficult to trace in non-verbal animals. Although studying insight has presented a significant challenge even to neurobiology and psychology, human neuroimaging studies have cleared the theoretical landscape, as they have begun to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The study of insight in non-human animals has, in contrast, remained limited to innovative adjustments to experimental designs within the classical approach of judging cognitive processes in animals, based on task performance. This leaves no apparent possibility of ending debates from different interpretations emerging from conflicting schools of thought. We believe that comparative cognition has thus much to gain by embracing advances from neuroscience and human cognitive psychology. We will review literature on insight (mainly human) and discuss the consequences of these findings to comparative cognition.
尽管有无数关于洞察力作为一种解决问题机制的轶事以及其历史意义，但洞察力的本质长期以来一直难以捉摸。众所周知，在非语言动物中很难追踪到洞察力的有意识体验。尽管对洞察力的研究即使对神经生物学和心理学来说也是一项重大挑战，但人类神经影像学研究已经厘清了理论格局，因为它们已经开始揭示其潜在机制。相比之下，对非人类动物洞察力的研究仍然局限于在基于任务表现来判断动物认知过程的经典方法内，对实验设计进行创新性调整。这使得因相互冲突的思想流派产生的不同解释引发的争论毫无结束的可能。我们认为，比较认知因此可以通过借鉴神经科学和人类认知心理学的进展而获益良多。我们将回顾关于洞察力（主要是人类）的文献，并讨论这些发现对比较认知的影响。
