Al-Jaroodi Jameela, Mohamed Nader, Abukhousa Eman
Department of EngineeringRobert Morris University Moon PA 15108 USA.
Department of Computer ScienceInformation Systems, and Engineering, California University of Pennsylvania California PA 15419 USA.
IEEE Access. 2020 Nov 18;8:211189-211210. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3038858. eCollection 2020.
Health 4.0 establishes a new promising vision for the healthcare industry. It creatively integrates and employ innovative technologies such as the Internet of Health Things (IoHT), medical Cyber-Physical Systems (medical CPS), health cloud, health fog, big data analytics, machine learning, blockchain, and smart algorithms. The goal is to deliver improved, value-added and cost-effective healthcare services to patients and enhance the effectiveness and efficiency or the healthcare industry. Health 4.0 (adapted from the Industry 4.0 principles) changes the healthcare business model to enhance the interactions across the healthcare clients (the patients), stakeholders, infrastructure, and value chain. This effectively will improve the quality, flexibility, productivity, cost-effectiveness, and reliability of healthcare services in addition to increasing patients' satisfaction. However, building and utilizing healthcare applications that follow the Health 4.0 concept is a non-trivial and complex endeavor. In addition, advanced potential applications based on Health 4.0 capabilities are not yet being investigated. In this paper we define the main objectives of Health 4.0 and discuss advanced potential Health 4.0 applications. To have a clear understanding of these applications, we categorize them in 4 groups based on the primary beneficiary of these applications. Thus we have patient targeted applications, applications supporting healthcare professionals, resource management applications and high-level healthcare systems management applications. In addition, as we studied the different applications, we realized that these is a certain collection of services that these most of them need regardless of their goals or business context. Services supporting data collection and transfer, security and privacy, reliable operations are some examples. As a result we propose creating a service-oriented middleware framework to offers the common services to the applications developers and facilitate the integration of different services to build applications under the Health 4.0 umbrella.
健康4.0为医疗行业确立了一个充满希望的新愿景。它创造性地整合并应用了诸如健康物联网（IoHT）、医疗信息物理系统（医疗CPS）、健康云、健康雾计算、大数据分析、机器学习、区块链和智能算法等创新技术。目标是为患者提供更高质量、增值且具成本效益的医疗服务，并提高医疗行业的有效性和效率。健康4.0（改编自工业4.0原则）改变了医疗商业模式，以加强医疗客户（患者）、利益相关者、基础设施和价值链之间的互动。这除了提高患者满意度外，还将有效提升医疗服务的质量、灵活性、生产力、成本效益和可靠性。然而，构建和利用遵循健康4.0概念的医疗应用并非易事，且十分复杂。此外，基于健康4.0能力的先进潜在应用尚未得到研究。在本文中，我们定义了健康4.0的主要目标，并讨论了先进的潜在健康4.0应用。为了清晰理解这些应用，我们根据这些应用的主要受益者将它们分为4组。因此，我们有针对患者的应用、支持医疗专业人员的应用、资源管理应用和高级医疗系统管理应用。此外，在研究不同应用时，我们意识到，无论其目标或业务背景如何，它们中的大多数都需要特定的一组服务。支持数据收集与传输、安全与隐私、可靠运行的服务就是一些例子。因此，我们建议创建一个面向服务的中间件框架，为应用开发者提供通用服务，并促进不同服务的集成，以构建健康4.0框架下的应用。
